Humboldt squirrel monkey
| Humboldt squirrel monkey | ||||||||||||
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Humboldt squirrel monkey ( Saimiri cassiquiarensis ) |
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| Saimiri cassiquiarensis | ||||||||||||
| ( Lesson , 1840) |
The Humboldt squirrel monkey ( Saimiri cassiquiarensis ) is a primate species from the Capuchin family that occurs in the western Amazon basin . It is divided into two subspecies.
Subspecies and distribution
Saimiri cassiquiarensis cassiquiarensis , the nominate form , occurs in the Colombian Amazon south of the Río Guaviare , in Venezuela on the upper reaches of the Orinoco (the southwest of the state of Amazonas ) and in Brazil north of the Solimões (upper reaches of the Amazon) and the Rio Japurá . The Pusch-squirrel monkey ( Saimiri cassiquiarensis albigena ) comes in a narrow strip between the eastern slope of the northeastern Andes ( Cordillera Oriental ) and the Colombian Llanos between the provinces Arauca and Boyacá the north and the upper Guaviare River and the source region of the Magdalena in the Huila Province in the south. Species status was proposed for this subspecies in 2009.
features
The Humboldt squirrel monkey reaches a weight of 550 to 1200 g (females) or 650 to 1380 g (males), has a head-trunk length of 28 to 34 cm (females) or 35 to 37 cm (males) and a 34 to 45 cm long tail. All subspecies are very similar in color to the common squirrel monkey ( Saimiri sciureus ). In the nominate form of the Humboldt squirrel monkey, the base of the main hair is only a little more yellow-brown than in the common squirrel monkey and the back is more reddish, in the Push squirrel monkey more orange. Females of the Humboldt squirrel monkey have two black stripes over their ears, which extend backwards to the neck and forwards to over the eyes. The arms of the Humboldt squirrel monkey are more orange, more gray in the common squirrel monkey and aguti-gray in the push squirrel monkey. Female push squirrel monkeys have thin, dark whiskers, the white face mask extends to their ears.
Lifestyle and diet
The Humboldt squirrel monkey lives in the evergreen tropical rainforest, in mountain cloud forests, in swamps with Mauritia palm trees and in the gallery forests of the Llanos . The monkeys live in larger groups of 18 to 35 individuals and feed mainly on fruits and insects.
Systematics
The Humboldt squirrel monkey was described in 1840 by the French naturalist René Primevère Lesson as a subspecies of the common squirrel monkey, the Push squirrel monkey in 1942 by Pusch. Genetic studies have shown that the nominate form is very closely related to a population of the Ecuador squirrel monkey ( S. macrodon ) that occurs between Solimões and Rio Juruá , which makes S. macrodon polyphyletic . In a future revision, this could be assigned to the Humboldt squirrel monkey as a further subspecies.
Danger
The nominate form is listed by the IUCN as Least Concern . The push squirrel monkey is considered Near Threatened.
literature
- Anthony B. Rylands, Russell A. Mittermeier, Bruna M. Bezerra, Fernanda P. Paim & Helder L. Queiroz: Family Cebidae (Squirrel Monkeys and Capuchins). Pages 392 and 393 in Russell A. Mittermeier , Anthony B. Rylands & Don E. Wilson : Handbook of the Mammals of the World - Volume 3: Primates. Lynx Edicions, 2013 ISBN 978-8496553897
Individual evidence
- ↑ Xyomara Carretero-Pinzón, Manuel Ruiz-García & Thomas Defler: The Taxonomy and Conservation Status of Saimiri sciureus albigena: A Squirrel Monkey Endemic to Colombia. Primate Conservation, 24, pp. 59-64, November 2009
- ↑ Jessica W. Lynch Alfaro, Jean P. Boubli, FP Paim, CC Ribas, MNF da Silva, MR Messias, F. Röhe, MP Mercês, J. de Sousa e Silva Júnior, CR Silva, GM Pinho, G. Koshkarian, MTT Nguyen, ML Harada, RM Rabelo, HL Queiroz, Michael E. Alfaro & IP Farias: Biogeography of squirrel monkeys (genus Saimiri): South-central Amazon origin and rapid pan-Amazonian diversification of a lowland primate. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 82, Part B, pp. 436-454, January 2015
- ↑ Saimiri sciureus ssp. cassiquiarensis in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2008. Posted by: Boubli, J.-P., Rylands, AB, de la Torre, S. & Stevenson, P., 2008. Accessed June 24, 2015.
- ↑ Saimiri sciureus ssp. albigena in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2008. Posted by: Mitter Meier, RA & Rylands, AB, 2008. Accessed June 24, 2015.
