Ecuador squirrel monkey
| Ecuador squirrel monkey | ||||||||||||
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Ecuador squirrel monkey ( Saimiri macrodon ) |
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| Saimiri macrodon | ||||||||||||
| Elliot , 1907 |
The Ecuador squirrel monkey ( Saimiri macrodon ) is a species of primate from the New World monkey group . It occurs in the western Amazon basin .
features
The Ecuador squirrel monkey reaches a head-trunk length of 25 to 32 cm and has a 34 to 44 cm long tail. The weight is 835 to 1380 g for the males and 590 to 1150 g for the females. Outwardly it is very similar to the common squirrel monkey ( Saimiri sciureus ), but has a darker back. The coat color is olive gray with an orange tinge. The sides of the body, the insides of the arms and legs, and the underside of the tail are lighter. The tail end is blackish on top. Feet and hands are bright yellow-orange in color. The ventral side is light yellowish-white. The mouth region is black, the region around the eyes, ears, cheeks, throat and upper chest are white. The white area above the eye is raised ("Gothic type"). The ears are slightly hairy and pointy.
Habitat and way of life
Ecuador squirrel monkeys occur in rainforests at heights of 200 to 500, up to a maximum of 1200 meters. They mostly live in seasonally flooded forests and prefer dense vegetation. In the Terra Firme forest outside the flood regime of the large rivers and in hilly or mountainous regions away from rivers or lakes they are rare or absent. They feed on fruits and small animals. These include figs and the fruits of the ant trees and the Euterpe palm genus . Ecuador squirrel monkeys live in groups of 18 to 50 animals and also form temporary communities with groups of capuchin monkeys . Reproduction and other behaviors have not yet been researched in detail.
Distribution and systematics
The Ecuador squirrel monkey was described in 1907 by the American zoologist Daniel Giraud Elliot . The type locality is on the upper Río Pastaza in the Ecuadorian Andes. For a long time it was considered a synonym for Saimiri sciureus , or was assigned to this species as a subspecies. However, it is genetically different and differs from S. sciureus by six pairs of acrocentric chromosomes (chromosome with an almost terminal location of the centromere ) . The Ecuador squirrel monkey is found in the western Amazon basin, east of the Andes between the Rio Japurá and Río Apaporis in the north and Río Marañón and Solimões in the south. Also in a triangular area in the Peruvian region of Loreto , which is enclosed by the Río Marañón and the Río Huallaga . The distribution area includes the east of Ecuador , the south-east of Colombia , the north of Peru and a region in the north-west of Brazil .
Currently, the squirrel monkeys that occur between Solimões and the Rio Juruá are also placed in the Saimiri macrodon species . However, they are the sister group of Saimiri cassiquiarensis cassiquiarensis , the nominate form of the Humboldt squirrel monkey ( S. cassiquiarensis ). The clade formed from both is the sister group of the Push Squirrel monkey ( S. cassiquiarensis albigena ), the second subspecies of the Humboldt squirrel monkey recognized today. In its current composition, the Ecuador squirrel monkey is a polyphyletic taxon and the population between Solimões and Rio Juruá would have to be separated and assigned to the Humboldt squirrel monkey as a third subspecies.
Danger
The Ecuador squirrel monkey is widespread and currently not endangered. It occurs in various protected areas, including the Yasuní National Park and the Cuyabeno Nature Reserve in Ecuador.
literature
- Anthony B. Rylands, Russell A. Mittermeier, Bruna M. Bezerra, Fernanda P. Paim & Helder L. Queiroz: Family Cebidae (Squirrel Monkeys and Capuchins). Page 393 in Russell A. Mittermeier , Anthony B. Rylands & Don E. Wilson : Handbook of the Mammals of the World: - Volume 3. Primates. Lynx Editions, 2013 ISBN 978-84-96553-89-7
Individual evidence
- ↑ Jessica W. Lynch Alfaro, Jean P. Boubli, FP Paim, CC Ribas, MNF da Silva, MR Messias, F. Röhe, MP Mercês, J. de Sousa e Silva Júnior, CR Silva, GM Pinho, G. Koshkarian, MTT Nguyen, ML Harada, RM Rabelo, HL Queiroz, Michael E. Alfaro & IP Farias: Biogeography of squirrel monkeys (genus Saimiri): South-central Amazon origin and rapid pan-Amazonian diversification of a lowland primate. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 82, Part B, pp. 436-454, January 2015, doi: 10.1016 / j.ympev.2014.09.004
- ↑ Saimiri sciureus ssp. macrodon in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2008. Posted by: Boubli, J.-P., Rylands, AB, de la Torre, S. & Stevenson, P., 2008. Accessed December 5, 2015.
