Buttercup-like pennywort
| Buttercup-like pennywort | ||||||||||||
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Common buttercup leaves ( Hydrocotyle ranunculoides ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Hydrocotyle ranunculoides | ||||||||||||
| L. f. |
The buttercup-like pennywort ( Hydrocotyle ranunculoides ), also great pennywort , is a species of the genus water pennywort ( Hydrocotyle ) within the Araliaceae family.
description
Vegetative characteristics
The buttercup-like pennywort is a perennial, herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 20 to 35 centimeters. Its stems are creeping or flooding in the water; they take root at the nodes. The leaves are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The petiole is 2 to 3 millimeters thick and fleshy and up to 35 centimeters long. The leaf blade is kidney-shaped to almost circular and at the base - in contrast to the common pennywort ( Hydrocotyle vulgaris ) - provided with a deep bay. The leaf margin is notched or lobed.
Generative characteristics
The flowering period is between August and October. The inflorescence stem is much shorter than the leaf stalks. The simple, golden inflorescence contains five to ten flowers. The fruit is 2 millimeters long and 3 millimeters wide, its ribs do not protrude.
Chromosome number
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 48.
Occurrence
The distribution area of the buttercup-like pennywort is in tropical Africa, on the Arabian Peninsula in Yemen and in North and South America. But it is perhaps native to Europe and occurs in Italy, Sicily and Sardinia. In Central Europe it begins to spread. The buttercup-like umbilicus usually grows on moats.
The buttercup-like pennywort was included in the “List of undesirable species” for the European Union in 2016. In Switzerland it was added to the black list of invasive neophytes and subject to the release ordinance.
The plant can be used as a paludarium and pond border plant, it is less suitable as an aquarium plant.
Taxonomy
Hydrocotyle ranunculoides was first published by Carl von Linnaeus the Younger . Synonyms for Hydrocotyle ranunculoides L. f. are: Hydrocotyle adoensis Hochst. , Hydrocotyle americana Walter , Hydrocotyle batrachioides DC. , Hydrocotyle cymbalarifolia Muhl. , Hydrocotyle natans Cirillo , Hydrocotyle nutans G. Don ex Loudon .
literature
- JMF Cannon: Hydrocotyle L. In: TG Tutin, VH Heywood, NA Burges, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (Eds.): Flora Europaea . Volume 2: Rosaceae to Umbelliferae . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1968, ISBN 0-521-06662-X , pp. 319 (English, limited preview in Google Book search).
- J. Lambinon, L. Delvosalle, J. Duvigneaud: Nouvelle Flore de la Belgique, du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg, du Nord de la France et des Régions voisines (Ptéridophytes et Spermatophytes) . 5th edition, page 519. Meise 2004. ISBN 90-72619-58-7 . (French) (description)
Individual evidence
- ^ Hydrocotyle ranunculoides at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ List of Invasive Alien Species of Union Concern (PDF) accessed on July 15, 2016
- ^ Federal Office for the Environment FOEN: Invasive Alien Species . ( admin.ch [accessed on August 6, 2019]).
- ↑ S. Buholzer, M. Nobis, N. Schoenenberger, S. Rometsch: List of the alien invasive plants of Switzerland . Ed .: Infoflora. ( infoflora.ch [accessed on August 6, 2019]).
- ↑ Christel Kasselmann : aquarium plants. Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart 1995; 2nd, revised and expanded edition 1999, ISBN 3-8001-7454-5 , p. 303.
- ^ Hydrocotyle ranunculoides at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed September 12, 2015.
Web links
- Hydrocotyle ranunculoides L.fil., Buttercup pennywort. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Distribution map for Germany. In: Floraweb .
- Distribution in the Netherlands (Dutch)