Common pennywort
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Common pennywort ( Hydrocotyle vulgaris ) |
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The Ordinary pennywort ( Hydrocotyle vulgaris ) is a plant from the genus of pennywort ( Hydrocotyle ) within the family of Araliaceae (Araliaceae). In the past, this genus was placed in the umbelliferae family (Apiaceae).
description
Vegetative characteristics
The common pennywort grows as a perennial herbaceous plant and only reaches heights of 5 to 20 centimeters. This marsh plant forms numerous creeping runners up to 1 meter long. The rounded, shield-shaped leaves with notched edges can be up to 4 centimeters in diameter, but are often smaller. The base of the long, hairy petioles is in the middle of the underside of the leaf. The Leaves are fresh green, shiny waxy and shows a clear, radially extending Vein .
Generative characteristics
The tiny, inconspicuous, hermaphrodite flowers are in little-flowered, dold-like inflorescences or whorls , with the stalks of the inflorescence about half as long as those of the leaves. The petals are greenish, white or reddish. The flowering period extends from July to August. The nuts are flat, warty and winged.
Chromosome number
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 96.
ecology
The common pennywort is a hemicryptophyte or marsh plant . The flowers rarely bloom; mostly self-pollination takes place . Hydrocotyle vulgaris is a light germ . Vegetative propagation occurs through runners .
Occurrence
The common pennywort is distributed sub- Atlantic (to sub- Mediterranean ) in Europe; it occurs mainly in lower altitudes. Accordingly, it is more common in Germany in the north; in the south, however, it is relatively rare. Preferred biotopes are fens , swamps and marshlands, trench, Schlenken - and Moortümpel edges where locations with alternating according to wet, moderately acidic to neutral, low lime content, but somewhat base richer open peat -, humus - and Anmoorböden be populated. It thrives in Central Europe in societies of the Scheuchzerio-Caricetea class, the Molinietalia order and the Magnocaricion, Juncion squarrosi or Hydrocotylo-Baldellion associations. In Austria the species occurs only in the Waldviertel and in the Lake Constance area and is considered critically endangered. Further occurrences can be found in the Caucasus region with Azerbaijan and Georgia.
Taxonomy
Hydrocotyle vulgaris was first published in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum . Hydrocotyle peltata Salisb is a synonym for Hydrocotyle vulgaris .
use
In wild plant gardens the common pennywort is used for planting garden ponds. The species is also used as an aquarium plant.
literature
- Manfred A. Fischer, Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 .
- Rudolf Schubert , Klaus Werner, Hermann Meusel (eds.): Excursion flora for the areas of the GDR and the FRG . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. 13th edition. tape 2 : vascular plants . People and knowledge, Berlin 1987, ISBN 3-06-012539-2 .
- Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive . CD-ROM, version 1.1. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6 .
- Common pennywort. In: FloraWeb.de.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 698 .
- ↑ Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of the plants of Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait . 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .
- ^ A b Hydrocotyle vulgaris in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved March 8, 2012.
- ↑ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum. Volume 1, Lars Salvius, Stockholm 1753, p. 234, digitized .
- ↑ Christel Kasselmann : aquarium plants. Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart 1995; 2nd, revised and expanded edition 1999, ISBN 3-8001-7454-5 , p. 306.
Web links
- Hydrocotyle vulgaris L., common pennywort. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Distribution map for Germany. In: Floraweb .
- Hydrocotyle vulgaris L. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora .
- Distribution in the Netherlands. (Dutch)
- Distribution in the northern hemisphere from: Eric Hultén, Magnus Fries: Atlas of North European vascular plants. 1986, ISBN 3-87429-263-0 at Den virtuella floran. (swedish).
