Hydrometallurgy
The term hydrometallurgy (formerly also: wet metallurgy ) is understood to mean the entirety of the processes of metal extraction and refining that exploit the substance-specific solubility and different wettability of the elements and their compounds at low temperatures compared to pyrometallurgy .
Procedure
Hydrometallurgical processes are for example
- the liquors and as the special case of the pressure digestion of ores in an autoclave,
- the flotation separation of sulphidic ores from disruptive elements ( gangue ) that reduce process efficiency ,
- extraction and refining electrolysis based on the different separation potentials of the elements ,
- the gravity separation in thickeners,
- the PUREX process used in nuclear fuel reprocessing .
use
These processes are used, for example, for the extraction of copper , nickel and cobalt .