Hypereides
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Hypereides ( ancient Greek Ὑπερείδης Hypereídēs ; * 390/89 BC ; † 322 BC ) was a Greek speaker and politician.
In the Harpalos affair (324 BC) Hypereides participated in the overthrow of Demosthenes , after which he rose to become the leading statesman of Athens. After his defeat in the Lamian War , he was executed on the orders of Antipater .
Papyrus scrolls with some of his speeches have been found in Egypt since 1847. The speech For Euxenippos (about a trauma oracle ) is completely preserved , fragmentary the speeches for Lycophron , Against Demosthenes (from the Harpalos Trial ), Against Philippides , Against Athenogenes and For the fallen of the Lamic War . Between 2002 and 2008, parts of two other speeches were identified and deciphered in the Archimedes Palimpsest , in 2018 an excerpt from a papyrus from Herculaneum .
Hypereides was already considered a scandalous bon vivant in antiquity. Tradition brought him together with the most famous courtesans of his time: “When Hypereides defended the hetaera Phryne in a trial without making an impression (…), he had her brought before her, tore her clothes, bared her bosom and, when she saw her, made his incantations in such a pathetic tone that he filled the judges with a kind of religious awe of condemning the prophet Aphrodite. "
According to other traditions, Phryne, who was accused of godlessness, was acquitted by the Areopagus after Hypereides tore the hetaera off her cloak in front of the assembled men’s company. The French painter Jean-Léon Gérôme captured this scene in a painting from 1861.
Text output
- Christian Jensen (Ed.): Hyperidis Orationes sex cum ceterarum fragmentis. Teubner, Stuttgart 1917, reprint 1963 (the authoritative text edition)
- Frederic George Kenyon (Ed.): Hyperidis Orationes et fragmenta , Clarendon, Oxford 1907, reprint 1961 ( IA )
- Friedrich Wilhelm Schneidewin (Ed.): Hyperidis Orationes duae. Ex papyro Ardeniano editae. Dieterich, Göttingen 1853 (contains pro Euxenippo and pro Lycophrone )
Translations
- David Whitehead: Hypereides, the forensic speeches. Oxford University Press, Oxford 2000, ISBN 0-19-815218-3 (with commentary)
- Wilhelm Siegmund Teuffel : Hypereides received speeches, translated into German for the first time. Stuttgart 1882
literature
Overview representations
- Evangelos Alexiou: Hypereides. In: Bernhard Zimmermann , Antonios Rengakos (Hrsg.): Handbook of the Greek literature of antiquity. Volume 2: The Literature of the Classical and Hellenistic Period. CH Beck, Munich 2014, ISBN 978-3-406-61818-5 , pp. 846-854
- Theodor Thalheim : Hypereides . In: Paulys Realencyclopadie der classischen Antiquity Science (RE). Volume IX, 1, Stuttgart 1914, Col. 281-285.
Investigations
- Anargyros Anastassiou, Dieter Irmer (ed.): Smaller Attic speakers (= ways of research volume CXXVII), Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 1977, ISBN 3-534-03843-6
- Johannes Engels : Studies on the political biography of the Hypereides. Athens in the era of the Lycurgian reforms and the Macedonian universal empire. 2nd, revised edition, Munich 1993, ISBN 978-3-88073-487-6
- Chris Carey et al. a .: Fragments of Hyperides' 'Against Diondas' from the Archimedes Palimpsest. In: Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 165, 2008, pp. 1–19
- László Horváth, The “New Hypereides” , De Gruyter, Berlin, 2014, ISBN 978-3-11-037941-9
- Kilian Fleischer: A new hypereides speech from Herculaneum: Against the ambassadors of Antipater (PHerc. 1021, col. 11 + 12) In: Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 207, 2018, pp. 21-38
Web links
- Literature by and about Hypereides in the catalog of the German National Library
Remarks
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Hypereides |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Hyperides |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Attic orator |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 390 BC BC or 389 BC Chr. |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Athens |
| DATE OF DEATH | October 322 BC Chr. |