Ibn Manzur

Ibn Manzūr , with full name Muhammad ibn Mukarram ibn Ali ibn Ahmad ibn Manzur al-Ansari al-Ifriqi al-Misri al-Khazradschi Jamaladin Abu al-Fadl ( Arabic محمد بن مكرم بن علي بن أحمد بن منظور الأنصري الإفريقي المصري الخزرجي جمال الدين أبو الفضل, DMG Muḥammad b. Mukarram b. ʿAlī b. Aḥmad b. Manẓūr al-Anṣārī al-Ifrīqī al-Miṣrī al-Ḫazraǧī Ǧamāl ad-Dīn Abū l-Faḍl ; * June or July 1233 ; † December 1311 or January 1312 in Cairo ) was an Arabic lexicographer and author of Lisan al-Arab.

biography

Ibn Manzur was born in 1233, was a moderate Shiite and led his ancestry to Ruwaifiʿ b. Ṯābit al-Anṣārī, who became the Arab governor of Tripoli in 668 . Ibn Hajar reports that he was Qādī there and that he spent his life as an official in Dīwān al-Inscha ', a law firm which u. a. was responsible for correspondence, archiving and copies. Fück therefore suspects him to be with Muḥammad b. Mukarram, who was one of the secretaries of this institution (the so-called Kuttāb al-Inšāʾ ) under Qalawun . After Brockelmann he studied philology . Throughout his life he devoted himself to excerpts from works of historical philology. He is said to have left 500 volumes of these works. He died in Cairo around the turn of the year 1311/1312.

Fonts

Lisan al-Arab

The Lisan al-Arab (لسان العرب, DMG Lisān al-ʿArab ) was completed by Ibn Manzur in 1290 and is next to the Taj al-Arus of Ibn Murtada († 1790/1791) with 20 volumes (in the most cited Cairin edition) the best known and most extensive dictionary of the Arabic language. The authoritative sources are the Tahḏīb al-Luġa of Azharī, the Muḥkam of Ibn Sīda , the Nihāya of Ḏahabī and Ǧauharīs Ṣiḥāḥ and the glosses written by Ibn Barrī (Kitāb at-Tanbīh wa-l-Īḍāḥ). He also followed the Ṣiḥāḥ in the order of the roots : the lemmas are not arranged according to the alphabetical order of the radicals (including root consonants), as is usual in today's Semitic philology , but according to the last radical - which makes finding rhyming endings much easier. Furthermore, the Lisan al-Arab is characterized by the fact that the direct sources are mentioned, but rarely or rarely their references. The difficult understanding of the lexicographic development was corrected by researching the sources, however, Ibn Murtada in Taj al-Arus , which in turn goes back to the Lisan. According to Ignatius d'Ohsson , the Lisan was printed in Istanbul as early as the 18th century , and therefore quite early for the Islamic world.

Expenses (among others)

• al-Maṭbaʿa al-Kubra al-Amirīya, Bulaq 1883–1890 (20 volumes).
• Dar Sadir, Beirut 1955–1956 (15 volumes).

Other

• Aḫbār Abī Nuwās , a bio-bibliography by the Arab-Persian poet Abu Nuwas ; printed (with commentary by Muhammad Abd ar-Rasul) in Cairo in 1924 and published by Schukri M. Ahmad in Baghdad in 1952 .
• Muḫtaṣar taʾrīḫ madīnat Dimašq l-Ibn ʿAsākir , summary of the history of Damascus according to Ibn ʿAsākir .
• Muḫtaṣar taʾrīḫ madīnat Baġdād li-s-Samʿānī , summary of the history of Baghdad according to as-Samʿānī († January 1167).
• Muḫtaṣar Ǧāmiʿ al-Mufradāt , summary of the treatise on medicinal products and foods of al-Baiṭār .
• Muḫtār al-aġānī fi-l-aḫbār wa-t-tahānī , a selection of songs; printed in Cairo in 1927.
• Niṯār al-azhār fī l-layl wa-l-nahār , a short astronomical treatise on day and night as well as stars and zodiac signs ; printed in Istanbul in 1880.
• Taḏkirāt al-Labīb wa-nuzhat al-adīb (if, according to Fück, identical to Muḥammad b. Mukarram), al-Qalqaschandi served as the source.

swell

• Carl Brockelmann : History of Arabic Literature . Volume II, Brill, Leiden ² 1943, pp. 21f. ( online ) and Supplement-Volume II, Brill, Leiden 1938, p. 14f.
• Johann W. Fück : Art. Ibn Manẓūr , in: ² Encyclopaedia of Islam III (1971), p. 864.
• Jörg Krämer: Studies on Old Arabic Lexicography: After Istanbul and Berlin Manuscripts , in: Oriens 6 (1953), p. 230f.
• Fuat Sezgin : History of Arabic Literature. Volumes I – IX, Brill, Leiden 1964–1987.

Footnotes

1. ↑ Cf. HL Gottschalk: Art. Dīwān ii. Egypt , in: ²Encyclopaedia of Islam II (1965), pp. 327-331, here: p. 328.
2. ↑ See on the arrangement of Arabic lexicographical works J. Kraemer: Studies on Old Arabic Lexicography , in: Oriens 6 (1953), pp. 201-238.
3. ↑ Cf. C. Brockelmann: History of Arabic Literature. Volume II, p. 21 and Georg Jacob : Altarabisches Beduinenleben : Described from the sources. Mayer, Berlin ²1887, p. XXXV, which relate to I. d'Ohsson: General description of the Othoman Empire . Volume I, p. 573.