al-Qalqashandī

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Shihāb ad-Dīn Abū l-ʿAbbās Ahmad ibn ʿAlī al-Fazārī al-Qalqashandī ( Arabic شهاب الدين أبو العباس أحمد بن علي بن أحمد بن عبد الله الفزاري القلقشندي, DMG Šihāb ad-Dīn Abū l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad b. ʿAlī b. Aḥmad b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Fazārī al-Qalqašandī ; * 1355 in the Nile Delta ; † July 16, 1418 ) was an Egyptian clerk and legal scholar of the Shafiite teaching direction.

Life

He comes from a family of scholars and was educated in law and literature in Alexandria. 1376/7 received a license to advise and teach in the law of the Shafiites. In 1389 he became a clerk at the Dīwān al-Inschā 'in Cairo.

Works

Al-Qalqaschandī is the author of various works in the fields of law, tradition (adab), clerical teaching (kitāba) as well as history and genealogy as well as comments on older texts:

  • Ṣubḥ al-aʿšā ("Dawn of the Night Blind Man"), his main work, is an extensive encyclopedia on office work in Arabic . It is considered the culmination of classical Arabic literature on letter style and office teaching, which has also passed on some original documents on the early history of Islam and Egypt since the Fatimid rule. The basic analysis of the work can be found in W. Björkman: Contributions to the History of the State Chancellery in Islamic Egypt . Hamburg 1928. The work also contains a part on secret scripts . This information is attributed to Taj ad-Din Ali ibn ad-Duraihim ibn Muhammad ath-Tha'alibi al-Mausili (1312-1361), but his treatises on cryptographic texts have been lost.
  • Ǧāmiʿ al-muḫtaṣarāt fī furūʿ aš-šāfiʿiyya
  • al-Hāwī al-ṣaġīr fī l-furūʿ
  • Ḥilyat al-faḍl wa-zīnat al-karam fī l-mufāḫara baina s-saif wa-l-qalam
  • Kunh al-murād fī šarḥ Bānat Suʿād
  • Nihāyat al-arab fī maʿrifat ansāb al-ʿarab
  • Ḍawʾ aṣ-ṣubḥ al-musfir wa-ǧanā ad-dawḥ al-muṯmir
  • Qalāʾid al-ǧumān fī t-taʿrīf bi-qabāʾil ʿarab az-zamān
  • Maʾāṯir al-ināfa fī maʿālim al-Kilāfa

literature

  • CE Bosworth : al-Ḳalḳas̲h̲andī. In: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Ed. V. P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, CE Bosworth, E. van Donzel, WP Heinrichs. Brill Online, 2012, print version ( ISBN 9789004161214 ), 1960–2007 online

Individual evidence

  1. Ed. Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Rasūl Ibrāhīm, Dār al-Kutub al-K̲h̲adīwiyya, 14 vols. Cairo 1331-8 / 1913-20. Digitized
  2. Reinhard Wieber: Cryptography with Qalqašandī. Journal of the German Oriental Society, Supplement IV: XX. German Orientalist Day (1977), lectures. Pp. 257-260; on-line