Ibrahim Makhous

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Foreign Minister Makhous (center right) next to Prime Minister Zuayyin (center) in Paris in 1967

Brahim or Ibrahim Makhous ( Arabic ابراهيم ماخوس Ibrahim Machus , born 1925 or 1928 in the village of Machus, Latakia Governorate , Syria ; † September 10, 2013 near Algiers , Algeria ), occasionally alsotranscribedas Makhus or Makhos , was a Baathist Syrian politician. Between 1965 and 1968 he was twice foreign minister of his country. Since 1970 he has led anopposition party that has split offfrom the Ba'ath Party .

Minister of Health

Makhous comes from an Alevite family. Like his later allies Yusuf Zuayyin and Nureddin al-Atassi , Makhous studied medicine at the University of Damascus , joined the Baath party and fought as a field doctor in the Algerian war with the insurgents of the National Liberation Front (FLN) against the French colonial power. After the Ba'ath Party seized power in Syria in March 1963 , he was appointed Minister of Health in the cabinet of Ba'ath co-founder Salah ad-Din al-Bitar and in November 1963 also by his successor Amin al-Hafiz , but no longer in May 1964 second al-Bitar cabinet.

Foreign minister for the first time

After several bloody power struggles within the Baath between the military and civilians, old Baathists and neo-Cathists, as well as “left” and “right”, al-Bitar was overthrown as prime minister in September 1965 and replaced by Zuayyin. Zuayyin announced an ambitious program of radical social reforms towards a socialist transformation of Syria and a close foreign policy alignment with the Soviet Union and the Eastern Bloc . Makhous represented this foreign policy course as Foreign Minister and Deputy Prime Minister. President Amin al-Hafiz, Bitar and the right wing of the party opposed this program and already forced Zuayyin to resign in December 1965.

Foreign minister again

After a renewed internal coup, the so-called Movement of February 23 , Hafiz and Bitar were finally overthrown by the left wing of the Baath under Salah Jadid in early 1966 . Al-Atassi became the new president and Zuayyin was again prime minister. With the renewed appointment of Ibrahim Makhous as Foreign Minister and Deputy Prime Minister, Syria was represented externally by “three doctors”. On April 26, 1966, Jadid, Atassi, Zuayyin and Makhous were elected to head the Syrian Ba'ath Party. Inside Syria, however, a power struggle raged between the “left” military over Jadid and the “right” military around Hafiz al-Assad , which came to a head after Syria's defeat in the 1967 Six Day War, which enormously damaged the popularity of Jadids, Atassis, Zuayyins and Makhous. In March 1968, Makhous had to resign as Foreign Minister and was transferred to a post in the Ministry of Agriculture. Under pressure from Assad, Jadid and Atassi then had to drop Zuayyin in October 1968, and Makhous lost that post as well.

Arab Socialist Democratic Ba'ath Party

In another coup, known as the " corrective movement ", Assad overthrew Atassi, Jadid and Zuayyin for good in November 1970 and threw them into prison. As the only leader of the overthrown "left" wing of the Ba'ath Party, however, Makhous was released (at the ultimate urging of Algeria) in 1971 and then founded the Arab Socialist Democratic Ba'ath Party with non-imprisoned supporters of Jadid and Atassi's , which joined the democratic opposition movement in 1980 and 2000 (including an alliance with Jamal al-Atassi's Democratic Arab Socialist Union ). From his exile in Algiers, Makhous supported the Damascus Declaration in 2005 . Despite sharp criticism of the approach to combating the uprising that had been going on in Syria since 2011, he had not joined the insurgents. Ibrahim Makhous is not related to the Alawite Monzer Makhous , who campaigned for the insurgents in exile in Paris .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ L'Expression of September 12, 2013: L'opposant syrien Ibrahim Makhous tire sa révérence ( Memento of the original of September 15, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.lexpressiondz.com
  2. ↑ ElWatan.com of September 12, 2013: Le docteur Makhous n'est plus

literature

  • Sami M. Moubayed: Steel & silk: men and women who shaped Syria 1900-2000 . Cune Press Seattle 2006
  • Lothar Rathmann : History of the Arabs - From the beginnings to the present , Volume 6 (The struggle for the development path in the Arab world), pages 31 to 36. Akademie-Verlag Berlin 1983

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Makhous, Ibrahim
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Makhos, Ibrahim
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Syrian statesman
DATE OF BIRTH 1925
PLACE OF BIRTH Syria
DATE OF DEATH September 10, 2013
Place of death near Algiers