Inaros II

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Inaros II ( ancient Egyptian Iret-Heru- (rau) , eye of Horus ; ancient Greek Ίνάρως) is a pharaoh in the middle of the 5th century BC. Chr.

Chronological order

In the past, a lack of historical evidence led to speculative assumptions regarding the identity of Inaros II and, in some cases , to anachronistic links between the historical figure of Inaros , hero of the demotic story The Battle for the Armor of Inaros , with the Inaros of the Greek historians . However, interim evaluations of archaeological finds show that Inaros I worked as an independent prince in the time of Assurbanipal and that the demotic story relates to the period associated with it.

The reign of Inaros II put the Greek historians during the Persian rule to about 460 BC. Chr. Thus Inaros was the son of Psammetichus IV. And anti-king of Artaxerxes I . He encountered 463/2 BC. From the fortress Marea into the Nile Delta and defeated the satrap Achaimenes near Papremis . 460 BC He brought the Egyptians to a revolt against the Persians and ruled all of Lower Egypt apart from Memphis . As a support he won 459 BC. The Athenians . Their ventures against the city began successfully. They sent a fleet and trapped Memphis. However, the siege of the city dragged on for years.

Not until 456 BC BC the Persians sent a relief army under Megabyzos , which defeated the besiegers and in turn enclosed the Athenians on the island of Prosopis . After draining an arm of the Nile, the Athenians burned their ships and finally had to surrender. The Inaros' uprising had thus failed. He was captured by treason and was later crucified in Persia.

An ostracon from Ain Manawir dates back to the year 2 of the reign of an Inaros. However, it is uncertain whether the person named in the ostracon is identical to the person known from Greek sources.

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literature

  • Joan M. Bigwood: Ctesias' account of the revolt of Inaros . In: Phoenix. Volume 30, 1976, pp. 1ff.
  • Leo Depuydt : Saite and Persian Egypt, 664 BC-332 BC (Dyns. 26-31, Psammetichus I to Alexander's Conquest of Egypt). In: Erik Hornung, Rolf Krauss, David A. Warburton (eds.): Ancient Egyptian Chronology (= Handbook of Oriental studies. Section One. The Near and Middle East. Volume 83). Brill, Leiden / Boston 2006, ISBN 978-90-04-11385-5 , pp. 265-283 ( online ).
  • Joachim Friedrich Quack : Inaros, hero of Athribis . In: Robert Rollinger : Antiquity and the Mediterranean: The ancient world on this side and beyond the Levant (Festschrift for Peter W. Haider on his 60th birthday) . Steiner, Stuttgart 2006, ISBN 3-5150-8738-9 , pp. 499-506. ( Online )
  • Kim Ryholt : The Petese Stories II (The Carlsberg papyri 6) . Museum Tusculanum Press, Copenhagen 2006, ISBN 8-7635-0404-9
  • Elke Stein-Hölkeskamp : Inaros. In: The New Pauly (DNP). Volume 5, Metzler, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-476-01475-4 , Col. 961 f.

Remarks

  1. ↑ a b Joachim Friedrich Quack: Inaros, hero of Anthribis . Pp. 499-500.
  2. ↑ Jan Krzysztof Winnicki: The Libyan tribe of the Bakals in Pharaonic, Persian and Ptolemaic Egypt. In: Ancient Society. Volume 36, 2006, pp. 135-136, 138.
personal data
SURNAME Inaros II
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Libyan king
DATE OF BIRTH 6th century BC BC or 5th century BC Chr.
DATE OF DEATH 5th century BC Chr.