Indian bullfrog
| Indian bullfrog | ||||||||||||
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An Indian bullfrog photographed in Mui Wo |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Kaloula pulchra | ||||||||||||
| JE Gray , 1831 |
The Indian bullfrog ( Kaloula pulchra ), also known under the names rice frog , bladder frog or painted bullfrog , known in Cambodia as hung , is a type of real narrow-mouthed frog from Southeast Asia . Here the frog can be found on forest floors, rice fields and also in houses.
features
Indian bullfrogs are round in shape with an ebony-brown back and a cream-colored belly. The stripes on the sides, which can range from copper-brown to salmon-colored, are characteristic. The males have a darker neck mark than the females. On average, the frog is about 7–8 cm long, while females are generally larger. Life expectancy is considered to be around ten years.
behavior
The frogs hide under leaves during the day and come out at night to eat. They are not picky and eat flies, crickets, moths, grasshoppers, earthworms and other small animals. When threatened, like other narrow-mouth frogs, they inflate themselves for intimidation purposes and secrete a poisonous, sticky substance as a defense. Under dry conditions they dig into the ground and stay there until the next rain.
Reproduction
In India, the frogs begin mating calls after the first heavy rains of the monsoons between April and May. The males call out while swimming in puddles of water. Calls with 28–56 pulses per second and a frequency in the range of 50–1760 Hz were registered in India. In Thailand, however, the ringing frequency is around 250 Hz and 18-21 pulses per second.
During the mating process, the male attaches itself to the female's back with the help of a sticky secretion that is secreted from the animal's abdominal glands. The female then lays around 1000 eggs as spawn in the water. After 24 hours, the larvae hatch and become about 4 cm long. The tadpoles metamorphosis within 2 weeks.
Diet
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Indian bullfrogs have a pronounced appetite but are rather sluggish. In addition to flies, crickets, moths, grasshoppers and earthworms, they also prefer to feed on ants - several hundred animals are consumed in one night. This often happens while the frog is sitting on an ant road, eating one at a time.
As a neozoon
It is an invasive species in Guam , Singapore , Borneo and Sulawesi , and individual specimens have also been reported from Australia and New Zealand .
As a pet
Indian bullfrogs are popular in the pet trade. It must be noted that they are sensitive to water containing chlorine. They can be kept in aquariums with substrates made from peat mixtures or potting soil with peat moss. A high level of humidity and temperatures of 27–29 ° C are necessary.
Individual evidence
- ^ Snider, AT & JK Bowler. (1992). Longevity of Reptiles and Amphibians in North American Collections. Second edition. Herpetological Circular No. 21st
- ↑ Sharon B. Emerson: Burrowing in frogs . In: Journal of Morphology . tape 149 , no. 4 , 1976, p. 437-458 , doi : 10.1002 / jmor.1051490402 .
- ↑ Kanamadi RD: Advertisement Call and Breeding Period of the Frog, Kaloula pulchra (Microhylidae) . In: Herpetological Review . tape 33 , no. 1 , 2002, p. 19-21 ( nfsci.org [PDF]). Advertisement Call and Breeding Period of the Frog, Kaloula pulchra (Microhylidae) ( Memento of the original of July 27, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Kreuters Carnivores: Indian Bullfrog
- ^ Richard D. Bartlett: Frogs, Toads, and Treefrogs: Everything About Selection, Care, Nutrition, Breeding, and Behavior . Ed .: Barron's Educational Series. 1996, ISBN 0-8120-9156-6 , pp. 98 .
- ↑ Christy, M .: Multiple pathways for invasion of anurans on a Pacific island . In: Diversity & Distributions . tape 13 , no. 5 , 2007, p. 598-607 , doi : 10.1111 / j.1472-4642.2007.00378.x .
- ^ Tyler MJ: An Asian species of frog ( Kaloula pulchra , Microhylidae) intercepted at Perth International Airport, Australia . In: Applied Herpetology . tape 4 , 2007, p. 86-87 , doi : 10.1163 / 157075407779766697 .
- ^ Gill, BJ: Records of foreign reptiles and amphibians accidentally imported to New Zealand . In: New Zealand Zool. tape 28 , no. 3 , 2001, p. 351-359 ., Doi : 10.1080 / 03014223.2001.9518274 .
- ^ Inger, RF: The systematics and zoogeography of the amphibia of Borneo . In: Fieldiana Zoology . tape 52 , 1966, pp. 1–402 , doi : 10.5962 / bhl.title.3147 .
