Kaloula

Kaloula
	Indian bullfrog ( Kaloula pulchra )
Systematics
without rank:	Amphibians (Lissamphibia)
Order :	Frog (anura)
Subordination :	Neobatrachia
Family :	Narrow-mouth frogs (Microhylidae)
Subfamily :	Real narrow-mouth frogs (Microhylinae)
Genre :	Kaloula
Scientific name
	Kaloula
	JE Gray , 1831

Kaloula baleata

Kaloula picta

Males and females of Kaloula rigida in amplexus

Kaloula is a genus of frogs from the subfamily of the real narrow-mouth frogs in the family of narrow-mouth frogs .

description

The pupils are rounded, but the vertical diameter can occasionally exceed the horizontal. The tongue is elongated, with entire margins and freely liftable at the back. The palate bones form two sharp and sometimes toothed transverse ridges behind the choanae. In front of the throat there are two membranous and more or less serrated transverse folds. The eardrum is invisible. The fingers are mostly free. The toes are free or webbed . However, these do not intervene between the metatarses of the 4th and 5th toes. The tips of the fingers and toes are more or less widened and have triangular or T-shaped bony terminal phalanges. The precoracoid and the omosternum are absent. The sternum is cartilaginous. The transverse processes of the sacral vertebra are moderately widened.

Occurrence

The genus occurs from Korea and northern China to the Lesser Sunda Islands and the Philippines , as well as in Bangladesh, India and Sri Lanka, possibly also in Nepal.

Systematics

The genus Kaloula was first described by John Edward Gray in 1831 . It includes 17 types:

Status: October 15, 2015

Kaloula assamensis Das, Sengupta, Ahmed & Dutta, 2005
Kaloula aureata Nutphand, 1989
Kaloula baleata (Müller, 1836)
Kaloula borealis (Barbour, 1908)
Kaloula conjuncta (Peters, 1863)
Kaloula indochinensis Chan, Blackburn, Murphy, Stuart, Emmett, Ho & Brown, 2013
Kaloula kalingensis Taylor, 1922
Kaloula kokacii Ross & Gonzales, 1992
Kaloula latidisca Chan, Grismer & Brown, 2014
Kaloula mediolineata Smith, 1917
Kaloula nonggangensis Mo, Zhang, Zhou, Chen, Tang, Meng & Chen, 2013
Kaloula picta (Duméril & Bibron, 1841)
Kaloula pulchra Gray, 1831
Kaloula rigida Taylor, 1922
Kaloula rugifera Stejneger, 1924
Kaloula verrucosa Boulenger, 1904
Kaloula walteri Diesmos, Brown & Alcala, 2002

Kaloula taprobanica Parker, 1934 was placed in the genus Uperodon and is now called Uperodon taprobanicus .

Individual evidence

^ Fritz Nieden: Anura II . In: FE Schulze, W. Kükenthal, K. Heider (Ed.): Das Tierreich . Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin and Leipzig 1926, pp. 21-22.
^ ^A ^b Darrel R. Frost: Kaloula Gray, 1831 . In: Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference . Version 6.0, American Museum of Natural History, New York 1998-2015, accessed October 15, 2015
↑ Pedro LV Peloso, Darrel R. Frost, Stephen J. Richards, Miguel T. Rodrigues, Stephen Donnellan, Masafumi Matsui, Cristopher J. Raxworthy, SD Biju, Emily Moriarty Lemmon, Alan R. Lemmon & Ward C. Wheeler: The impact of anchored phylogenomics and taxon sampling on phylogenetic inference in narrow-mouthed frogs (Anura, Microhylidae). Cladistics, 3, 1-28, March 2015 doi : 10.1111 / cla.12118

Web links

Commons : Kaloula - collection of images, videos and audio files

[Nieden-1] Fritz Nieden: Anura II . In: FE Schulze, W. Kükenthal, K. Heider (Ed.): Das Tierreich . Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin and Leipzig 1926, pp. 21-22.

[ASW-2] A ^b Darrel R. Frost: Kaloula Gray, 1831 . In: Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference . Version 6.0, American Museum of Natural History, New York 1998-2015, accessed October 15, 2015

[Peloso_et_al._2015-3] Pedro LV Peloso, Darrel R. Frost, Stephen J. Richards, Miguel T. Rodrigues, Stephen Donnellan, Masafumi Matsui, Cristopher J. Raxworthy, SD Biju, Emily Moriarty Lemmon, Alan R. Lemmon & Ward C. Wheeler: The impact of anchored phylogenomics and taxon sampling on phylogenetic inference in narrow-mouthed frogs (Anura, Microhylidae). Cladistics, 3, 1-28, March 2015 doi : 10.1111 / cla.12118