Prawyj sector

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Prawyj sector
Flag of Right Sector.svg
Party leader vacant
founding November 2013
Headquarters Kiev , Ukraine
Alignment Right-wing extremism , nationalism , EU skepticism
Colours) black and red
Parliament seats
0/424
Number of members 10,000
Website pravyysektor.info

Prawyj Sector ( Ukrainian Пра́вий се́ктор , German translation: Right Sector ) is a right-wing extremist Ukrainian political organization that acts as a paramilitary and political party . Prawyj Sector played a crucial role in the violent clashes with the police in the wake of the Euromaidan and thus played a major role in its success.

Emergence

The group was formed in November 2013 during the Euromaidan as an amalgamation of several ultra nationalist and right-wing extremist groups. The founding organizations included the Trysub organization , the Social-National Assembly , its paramilitary arm Patriot of Ukraine and the UNA-UNSO party .

During the Euromaidan , the Prawyj Sector played a key role in defending the Maidan in Kiev against government units. He is assigned responsibility for the escalation of violence.

Activities as a paramilitary group

Euromaidan

Member of the Right Sector during the Euromaidan

The Right Sector was founded in the wake of the protests against the Ukrainian government in November 2013 on the Kiev Maidan . He formed one of numerous groups that protested against the anti-European policies of Viktor Yanukovych . Here he stood out for his paramilitary behavior and, compared to the other demonstrators, a good organization. In the defense of the square against the police and government troops, the several hundred members played a key role. Some observers saw the Prawyj sector as the driving force behind the success of the protest movement. Alexander Rahr , head of the “Competence Center for Russia, Ukraine, Belarus and Central Asia” at the German Society for Foreign Policy said: “ From my point of view, the right-wing sector was decisive for the overthrow because it [...] was ready to take part in combat operations the police officers to enter with the security forces. They were well organized [...] so that they played a large part in the Maidan's success. ”The group described itself as“ part of the Maidan's self-defense system ”. Dmytro Jarosch , a spokesman and later party leader, stated in an interview in early February 2014 that he and his forces were ready for "armed struggle" and that his organization also had firearms.

On February 21, 2014, Yarosh declared that the national revolution in Ukraine was going on and that it would end with the “complete elimination of the internal occupation regime”.

In the days that followed, violent assault and intimidation, involving right-wing leaders, broke out . For example, on February 24, Oleksandr Musytschko appeared in the regional parliament of Rivne Oblast with an assault rifle and demanded that families of demonstrators be given preferential housing. On February 27, in the presence of media representatives, he harassed and beat a public prosecutor from the Riwner Oblast . Musytschko was shot dead by the Ukrainian police in Rivne on the night of March 24-25 , 2014 .

In an interview with the Moscow Internet newspaper Lenta.ru , Dmytro Jarosch said that half of the members of the Right Sector speak Russian and come from eastern Ukraine, and that Russian citizens "fought with us on the barricades".

After the Maidan

Demand for disarmament

The agreement brokered and signed with Viktor Yanukovych by the foreign ministers of Germany, Poland and France on February 21, 2014 provided for the disarming of all militias. On March 20, the interim government under Arseniy Yatsenjuk asked the members of the so-called “self-defense forces” of Kiev Independence Square to surrender all illegal weapons by the following day. On March 22, 2014, the German Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier again demanded that the interim government disarm the militias. At a meeting of the three foreign ministers on March 31, 2014 in Weimar, the call for disarmament and the restoration of the state's monopoly of force was reiterated. On the same day, the Ukrainian Ministry of the Interior announced that the deadline by which illegal weapons can be surrendered with impunity would be extended to April 30th.

Actions after the Maidan

Although Yarosh was offered two posts when the government was formed for involvement, the Right Sector did not participate in the Ukrainian interim government formed on February 27. However, the Svoboda party has several ministers in the Kiev cabinet, with the new secretary of the Security and Defense Council of Ukraine, Andrij Parubij , as "commander" of the Maidan, working closely with the leader of the Right Sector , Dmytro Yarosh.

On the evening of March 14, 2014 members fired on the Right Sector in Kharkiv youths who the Lenin monument on Freedom Square guarded, from a minibus out with tear gas grenades . When later attempting to storm their office, Artyom Zhudov and Aleksey Sharov were shot dead by members of the Pravyj sector . Five other people - including a police officer - were seriously injured by bullets . After negotiations, the guns were laid down in the Prawyj Sector's office and 29 members were removed by police.

On March 15, 2014, the Russian Foreign Ministry declared that “a motorcade of armed mercenaries from the Right Sector had driven from Kharkiv to Donetsk and Luhansk”. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs also said Russia is “examining numerous requests from Ukrainian civilians to protect them from acts of extremists, including members of the Right Sector ”. That the rights sector has not been disarmed, called UN Ambassador Vitaly Churkin in his justification of the Russian veto against a resolution of the UN Security Council condemning the Crimean referendum as a breach of the agreement of 21 February, 2014.

On March 18, 2014, Yarosh declared that the members of the Prawyj Sector would not surrender their captured weapons. Not a single one of his “fighters” will join the newly created Ukrainian National Guard . The teaching content there was more like a sightseeing tour than a combat training. According to him, around 10,000 people in the whole of Ukraine are currently part of the Pravyj sector , and no one knows the exact number of weapons in their hands.

In connection with the death of Olexandr Musytschko, Yarosh accused the incumbent Ukrainian Interior Minister Arsen Avakov on March 25, 2014 of “active counter-revolutionary activity” and called for his resignation. Avakov and the former Defense Minister Ihor Tenjuch should be brought to justice. On March 27, around 1,000 right-wing extremist demonstrators surrounded the parliament building in Kiev and demanded that Avakov be released. They threw windows and threatened to storm the building. According to other sources, there were 2,000 radicals. On March 27, parliament approved a commission of inquiry into Musychko's death. At a parliamentary session on March 28, interim president Oleksandr Turchynov described the siege as an attempt to destabilize the situation in Ukraine. This is exactly the task that the political leadership of Russia has given its special services. Catherine Ashton sharply condemned the actions of the Prawyj Sector in front of Parliament on March 29 .

After a shooting on March 31, 2014 in Kiev, in which a member of the Right Sector was involved and which claimed three injuries, heavily armed members of the SBU's Alfa special unit surrounded the Dnipro hotel in central Kiev on the night of April 1 . The hotel had been occupied by the Pravyj sector since the fall of the Yanukovych government and served as the group's "headquarters". The following morning Avakov announced that the Pravyj sector had left the hotel. The group handed over their weapons to the police. On April 1, the Verkhovna Rada passed a resolution to disarm all paramilitary groups that had formed in the country as a result of the protests.

Crimea

On February 28, 2014, the Right Sector said that rumors launched by Russia about a threat to the population from armed forces of the Right Sector were untrue and that it hoped for a political solution. A day later, a spokesman for the group told the US radio station Radio Liberty (RFE / RL) (svobodanews.ru) that the alleged appeal was part of a dirty campaign and that the organization's website had been hacked .

On the day of the Crimean referendum , Yarosh threatened to destroy pipelines carrying oil and gas from Russia to Western Europe if Russian soldiers set foot on “our soil”.

Since the annexation of Crimea by Russia in March 2014 , the rights sector has been banned in Crimea.

From September 2015 members of the Right Sector were involved in the blockade of trucks that were supposed to bring food to Crimea.

Although the practice was illegal under Ukrainian law, it was tolerated by the government under President Petro Poroshenko . The blockade lasted for several months.

On November 20, 2015, Crimean Tatars and Right Sector fighters attempted to blow up power lines leading to Crimea. They were badly damaged in the process. The National Guard of Ukraine drove away the activists and gave repair teams access to the lines.

On the night of Sunday, November 22, 2015, several electricity pylons were blown up in Kherson Oblast . As a result, the electricity went out in the entire Crimea and a state of emergency was declared. Two nuclear power plants had to be restarted unscheduled due to the attack, which was a risky process. As in the previous attack, members of the Right Sector and Crimean Tatars are believed to have been involved. Ukrainian flags were attached to the destroyed electricity pylons. Supporters of the Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar people and Ukrainian nationalists prevented security forces from entering the crime scenes.

After the power failure, the flow of goods to the peninsula was officially interrupted by the government in Kiev itself. Prime Minister Arseniy Yatsenyuk ordered a list of goods to be blocked at a special meeting. He also spoke out in favor of ending an electricity supply contract with the Crimean authorities.

Work in the Ukraine war

Badge of the Ukrainian Volunteer Corps deployed in eastern Ukraine

With the beginning of the war in Ukraine , the Pravyj sector founded a volunteer unit, the Ukrainian Volunteer Corps , with the aim of fighting the pro-Russian separatists . Among other things, these units were involved in the fighting for Karlivka in Donetsk Oblast in July 2014 . On August 13, 2014, twelve fighters from the Pravyj sector were killed in an ambush near Donetsk while they were on their way to the scene in a bus. Yarosh was seriously wounded near Pisky on January 21, 2015 during the Second Battle of Donetsk Airport . In May 2015, the human rights group Amnesty International reported on kidnappings and torture committed by fighters from the Prawyj sector in the conflict area.

According to their own information, more than 50 members of the Ukrainian Volunteer Corps of the Pravyj Sector come from Russia and Belarus . The members from Russia claim to be in opposition to Putin .

Activities as a party

The memorial march for Stepan Bandera on January 1, 2015 was organized by members of the Prawyj Sector, among others

On March 7, 2014, the Prawyj Sector announced that it would transform the group into a political party. Dmytro Jarosch will run for the presidential election on May 25, 2014 . Yarosh only got 0.70 percent of the vote, so he even got fewer votes together with Oleh Tjahnybok from the Svoboda party, who reached 1.16 percent, than the Jewish candidate Wadym Rabinowytsch .

In the 2014 parliamentary elections , the party won a direct seat in the Verkhovna Rada .

In June 2015, members of the right sector attacked an LGBT parade in Kiev.

At the end of December 2015, it became known that Yarosh was leaving the party.

Conflict with the Ukrainian government

On July 11, 2015, two members of the Right Sector were shot dead in a gun battle between members of the Right Sector and the Ukrainian police in the western Ukrainian city of Mukachevo . According to a statement by the security forces, members of the right-wing sector met with “criminals” and then attacked the police with grenade launchers and other heavy weapons. The party denied this and claimed to have been attacked by "bandits" and "drug dealers". Interior Minister Arsen Avakov announced a "special operation" to disarm the Right Sector in the region. Parts of the city had to be evacuated. After the firefight, members of the Right Sector called for Avakov's resignation and set up a checkpoint outside Kiev.

On July 21, 2015, 3,000 members and supporters of the right-wing sector gathered for a demonstration on the Maidan in Kiev. Party leader Yarosh called, among other things, for a referendum on the removal of President Petro Poroshenko .

General election 2019

In the 2019 parliamentary election , the party failed at the 5% hurdle and thus missed re-entry into the Ukrainian parliament.

Orientation and political goals

The small political party stands to the right of the radical nationalist Svoboda party , which was involved in the Kiev transitional government after the overthrow of Viktor Yanukovych . It sees itself in the tradition of the Ukrainian partisan army UPA . The Pravyj Sector described as its political goal a " national revolution " in Ukraine and the "elimination of internal occupation" by the remnants of the Soviet power apparatus.

The group rejects liberal and democratic values. Most of their activists are against Ukraine becoming a member of the European Union. You see in the EU an “oppressor of the European nations”. In its manifesto for the 2014 presidential election, the Pravyj Sector calls for spending on the Ukrainian army to triple and for Ukraine to regain its nuclear status . In terms of foreign policy, cooperation with Great Britain and the USA , which are seen as guarantors of the security and territorial integrity of Ukraine, is to be improved.

The group is regularly referred to as far-right in both Russian and Western media; the American Time magazine attested the Prawyj sector an ideological proximity to fascism .

In connection with his presidential candidacy, Jarosch stated that his organization would not only not support anti-Semitism and xenophobia in the future, but would fight them with all legal means. According to its own information, the rights sector has Jewish members. In 2014, the Right Sector took part in a demonstration in support of Israel in the fight against terrorism. In addition, the party offered to protect the Jews in Odessa from attacks. The Ukrainian right-wing extremism expert Anton Shekhovtsov declared in 2015 that the ideology of the right sector is rather unusual for the extreme right. The interpretation of the nation is not racial or ethnic , but bourgeois. This means that everyone, regardless of their nationality, who fights for a “free Ukraine” is welcome. This is also reflected in the heterogeneous ethnic composition of some Ukrainian volunteer battalions in the east of the country.

Yarosh said that while the Ukrainian language should be recognized as the official state language, there are also Russian-speaking members within the right-wing sector.

The Right Sector rejects homosexuality as "unnatural" and "pathological" and is hostile to LGBT people.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Ярош раскритиковал Нацгвардию и отказался разоружать "Правый сектор" , TSN Ukraine on March 18, 2014
  2. ^ Groups at the sharp end of Ukraine unrest , BBC on February 1, 2014.
  3. ↑ Militant Maidan right-wing extremists form party , Der Standard, March 22, 2014
  4. ↑ Violent far-right group drives agenda on Kiev streets , Reuters on January 24, 2014.
  5. ↑ Panorama broadcast from March 6, 2014 .
  6. ↑ Luzia Tschirky: Ukrainian protest movement infiltrated from the right , SRF on February 5, 2014.
  7. ↑ How Nationalists Stoke Violence , N24 website , January 24, 2014.
  8. ↑ a b The radical Ukrainian group Right Sector , Die Welt, February 22, 2014.
  9. ↑ a b Exclusive: Leader of Far-Right Ukrainian Militant Group Talks Revolution With Time , Time on February 4, 2014 (English).
  10. ↑ Julia Smirnova: The people on the Maidan want more , Die Welt on February 21, 2014.
  11. ↑ Про що заявив "Сашко Білий" на Президії Рівненської облради зі зброєю в руках? , Youtube on February 24, 2014.
  12. ↑ Blind eye turned to influence of far-right in Ukrainian crisis: critics , Global News Canada on March 7, 2014.
  13. ↑ В Ровно "Сашко Білий" избил прокурора , Ukrainian edition of Komsomolskaya Pravda on February 28, 2014.
  14. ↑ Музичко онже Сашко Белый розмовляє з прокурором, та пиздить , Youtube on February 27, 2014.
  15. ↑ Killed nationalist leader: Two bullets in the heart of the "White Sascha" , SPON from March 25, 2014
  16. ↑ Media under propaganda pressure - Russian troops , FAZ, March 13, 2014. In this context it became known that the dissemination of this statement in Russia cost the editor-in-chief and 39 other journalists and photo editors of Lenta.ru their jobs (see: ( page no longer retrievable , search in web archives: original source for layoffs at Lenta.ru ), Lenta.ru March 13, 2014)@1@ 2Template: dead link / to.ru
  17. ↑ Uwe Klußmann: Conflict with Russia: The fatal mistakes of the government in Kiev. Spiegel Online GmbH, March 3, 2014, accessed on March 6, 2014 .
  18. ↑ Ukraine Sets Deadline for Militias to Surrender Illegal Guns , New York Times on March 20, 2014
  19. ^ A ray of hope and many worries , FAZ on March 22, 2014
  20. ^ Joint declaration on Ukraine by the three foreign ministers of the Weimar Triangle, Frank-Walter Steinmeier (Germany), Laurent Fabius (France), and Radosław Sikorski (Poland) in Weimar , Foreign Office on March 31, 2014
  21. ↑ МВД снова призывает украинцев сдать оружие , Sevodnja on March 31, 2014
  22. ↑ Many Ukrainians Want Russia To Invade , Time magazine from March 1, 2014.
  23. ↑ Crimean Crisis The Fatal Mistakes of the Kiev Government.
  24. ↑ Fear is growing in eastern Ukraine , Mittelbayerische Zeitung on March 16, 2014
  25. ↑ Russia's Foreign Office warns of provocations by the right-wing sector in Ukraine , RIA Novosti website from March 15, 2014.
  26. ↑ Russia's Foreign Office is examining requests by Ukrainian civilians for protection from extremists , RIA Novosti website from March 15, 2014.
  27. ↑ Russia vetoes UN resolution on Crimea referendum , xinhuanet.com, on March 16, 2014.
  28. ↑ Ярош раскритиковал Нацгвардию и отказался разоружать "Правый сектор" , TSN Ukraine on March 18, 2014
  29. ^ Unrest in the right sector , FAZ from March 26, 2014
  30. ↑ Right-wing extremists surround parliament in Kiev , Basler Zeitung on March 27, 2014
  31. ↑ Radicals in Kiev demand the resignation of the interior minister ( Memento of March 28, 2014 in the Internet Archive ), DPA on March 27, 2014
  32. ↑ Right Sector rally outside parliament building over, interim commission to be set up to probe into activist Sashko Bily death , Interfax-Ukraine on March 27, 2014
  33. ↑ Ukraine leader Turchynov warns of far-right threat , BBC on March 28, 2014
  34. ^ Ashton condemns actions of Right Sector in relation to Ukrainian parliament , Kyiv Post on March 29, 2014
  35. ^ EU's Ashton denounces radicals' pressure on Ukraine parliament , ITAR-TASS on March 29, 204
  36. ↑ Под отель "Днепр" приехал командир Асавелюк, который руководил снайперами на Институтской) , LB ( ОБ on April 1, 2014 ) , LB.
  37. ↑ "Правый сектор" покинул отель "Днепр" без оружия - Аваков , Sevodnja on April 1, 2014
  38. ↑ Right sector leaves headquarters in Kiev , Die Zeit April 1, 2014
  39. ^ Parliament for the Disarmament of Paramilitary Groups , Frankfurter Rundschau of April 1, 2014
  40. ↑ Russia wages propaganda war over Ukraine , Financial Times of March 3, 2014.
  41. ^ Announcement by the "Interfax" agency dated February 28, 2014.
  42. ^ Crimean crisis: Putin's dangerous bet , FAZ on March 2, 2014.
  43. ↑ Дмитрий Ярош обратился к Правительству Украины , telegraf.com.ua on March 16, 2014
  44. ↑ http://www.neues-deutschland.de/artikel/926814.krim-verbietet-rechte-sektor.html
  45. ↑ No Groceries for the Crimea , Zeit Online . September 23, 2015. Accessed February 17, 2017. 
  46. ↑ In the Dark , Time Online. November 24, 2015. Retrieved February 17, 2017. 
  47. ^ Electricity sabotage: Emergency in the Crimea , derStandard.at . November 22, 2015. Retrieved February 17, 2017. 
  48. ↑ Dangerous play with the flow , taz.de . November 23, 2015. Retrieved February 17, 2017. 
  49. ↑ Ukrainian nationalists paralyze power supply , Deutschlandradio Kultur. November 23, 2015. Retrieved February 17, 2017. 
  50. ↑ “One must not supply electricity to the occupiers” , WeltN24. November 22, 2015. Retrieved February 17, 2017. 
  51. ↑ Crimean Tatars prevent repair of electricity pylons , WeltN24 . November 23, 2015. Retrieved February 17, 2017. 
  52. ↑ kyivpost.com .
  53. ↑ Video: ultra-nationalist militants fighting alongside Ukraine's army , website of France 24 of July 10, 2014.
  54. ↑ Ukrajinska Pravda of July 7, 2014.
  55. ^ Twelve Ukrainian nationalist fighters killed in separatist ambush , Reuters on August 13, 2014.
  56. ↑ kyivpost.com .
  57. ↑ amnesty.org .
  58. ↑ kyivpost.com .
  59. ^ Right-wing extremist Jarosch wants to become president , Der Standard of March 7, 2014.
  60. ↑ - ( Memento from May 28, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  61. ↑ Right Sector Yarosh wins elections in Dnipropetrovsk region constituency , article in Kyiv Post of October 28, 2014
  62. ↑ Kiev: Violence Against Homosexuals March. In: derstandard.at. Retrieved July 12, 2015 .
  63. ↑ Leader leaves Right Sector in Ukraine. In: derStandard.at. December 28, 2015, accessed December 6, 2017 .
  64. ↑ http://www.kleinezeitung.at/s/politik/aussenpolitik/4775025/Ukraine_Tote-bei-Schiesserei-in-westukrainischem-Mukatschewe
  65. ↑ Ukraine: Three dead after an exchange of fire in western Ukraine. In: Zeit Online. July 12, 2015, accessed July 12, 2015 .
  66. ↑ http://news.yahoo.com/far-group-challenges-ukraine-government-shootout-191735295.html
  67. ↑ http://www.tagesspiegel.de/politik/rechte-sektor-in-der-ukraine-rechtsextreme-wollen-praesident-petro-poroschenko-entmachten/12092250.html
  68. ^ Result of the parliamentary elections in the Ukrainian Pravda; accessed on July 22, 2019 (Ukrainian)
  69. ↑ Profile: Ukraine's key protest figures , BBC on February 20, 2014.
  70. ↑ Yarosh promises nuclear rearmament, smashing of Russian spy network, right to bear arms if elected president , Interfax-Ukraine on April 4, 2014
  71. ↑ see below a. DWN: Far- right militia rejects ceasefire and Minsk agreement ; DW: Descent of right-wing extremists in Ukraine ; or Handelsblatt: Neo-Nazis killed in fighting in eastern Ukraine
  72. ↑ http://uacrisis.org/dmitrijj-yarosh/
  73. ↑ No increasing anti-Semitism in Ukraine , FAZ of March 24, 2014
  74. ↑ Interview with Jarosch at Jewish News One from March 23, 2014 ( Memento from April 13, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  75. ↑ http://www.juedische-allgemeine.de/article/view/id/21600
  76. ↑ http://ukr.segodnya.ua/regions/dnepr/v-dnepropetrovske-pravyy-sektor-i-evreyskaya-obshchina-mitingovali-v-podderzhku-izrailya-540103.html
  77. ↑ http://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2014/04/10/7021975/
  78. ↑ http://www.juedische-allgemeine.de/article/view/id/21600
  79. ↑ http://uacrisis.org/dmitrijj-yarosh/
  80. ↑ http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/equal-rights-for-gays-still-distant-dream-in-ukraine-390865.html ( Memento from June 12, 2015 in the Internet Archive )