UNA-UNSO

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
UNA-UNSO
UNSO-flag.svg
founding 3/4 November 1990
New registration as a party on September 20, 2015
Place of foundation Lviv
Alignment Right-wing extremism ,
Russophobia
Colours) Red Black
Website unso.in.ua

The UNA-UNSO (abbreviation for: Ukrainian National Assembly - Ukrainian National Self-Defense ; . Ukr Українська Національна Асамблея-Українська Народна Самооборона, УНА-УНСО) is a Ukrainian far-right party and a paramilitary organization.

history

founding

Event of the UNA-UNSO 1997 in Lviv

The UNA-UNSO (then under the name "Ukrajinska Mischpartyjna Asambleja", Ukrainian non-partisan assembly (UMA)) was founded on June 30, 1990 in Lviv by nationally oriented young people. The first chairman of the party was the Soviet dissident Yuri Shukhevich , son of the politician and officer of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA) Roman Shukhevich . Another party co-founder and long-time chairman was Dmytro Korchynskyi .

The UNA-UNSO consisted of the political Ukrainian National Assembly UNA , and its paramilitary arm, Ukrainian National Self-Defense UNSO . The founding date is based on June 30, 1941, the day the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN) was founded. The origins of the party lie in armed groups that fought for Ukraine's independence. The UNSO paramilitary wing was founded because of fear of military escalation during the coup in Moscow .

Participation in foreign policy conflicts

The UNSO has been involved in numerous conflicts. During the Transnistrian conflict in 1992, UNSO volunteers fought on the Transnistrian side and thus gained their first combat experience. According to their own statements, they did this to protect the Ukrainian population there. During the war in Abkhazia in 1993 , the UNSO, under the leadership of Valery Bobrovich, set up an "Argo" volunteer corps with around 150 members to fight against the Abkhaz separatists. Seven members of the UNSO died. In the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict from 1992 to 1994, the UNSO fought on the side of Azerbaijan . In the first Chechnya war , UNSO volunteers formed the "Viking" volunteer battalion, commanded by Oleksandr Musychko , who fought on the side of the Chechen separatists. In the 1999 Kosovo war , UNSO supported the Serbian side. The UNA-UNSO also rejects recognition of Kosovo. According to Russian sources, 200 UNSO members fought on the Georgian side against Russia during the South Ossetia War in 2008 . She also took part in protests against the government there at times in Belarus .

Euromaidan and Ukraine crisis

Members of the UNA-UNSO at the Euromaidan protests in Kiev

During the Euromaidan , the party joined the ultra-nationalist paramilitary group Prawyj Sector (German translation: Right Sector). Leading members of the UNA-UNSO participated in violent attacks, intimidation and arbitrary actions. For example, on February 24, 2014, Oleksandr Musytschko appeared in the regional parliament of Rivne Oblast with an assault rifle and ordered that the families of demonstrators be given preferential housing.

The party's political arm was briefly absorbed by the Right Sector , while the military arm remained active. In July 2015 the UNA-UNSO tried to leave the Prawyj sector and again to found its own party. On September 20, 2015, the UNA-UNSO party was officially approved as a party.

At the beginning of the war in Ukraine , the UNSO paramilitary wing founded its own volunteer battalion and is actively fighting on the part of the government against pro-Russian militias.

Preliminary investigation in Russia

In March 2014, the Russian public prosecutor's office announced that preliminary investigations had opened against members of the UNA-UNSO and the Svoboda party . They are accused of having founded an "armed military group" in the 1990s with the aim of fighting the Russian army in the Chechen war. The prosecution pleads against the killed former UNA-UNSO party leader Oleksandr Musytschko to have tortured and killed "no less than 20 captured Russian soldiers" in the years 1994–1996 . The UNA-UNSO has been recognized and banned as an extremist organization in Russia since November 2014 . The Russian investigation can be seen in the context of Russian interference in Ukraine during the Euromaidan , Crimean crisis and the war in Ukraine since 2014 .

Relationship to the NPD

In 1996 the UNA-UNSO signed a "partnership agreement" with the German NPD . The representatives of both parties met in August 1996, November 1999 and June 2000. Two of the meetings took place in Kiev and one in Munich . In 2007, the NPD politician Günther Schwemmer and UNSO member Andrij Starostin published an article on "Ukraine and Europe" in the NPD party newspaper German Voice on behalf of a "UNA-UNSO foreign documentation service ". "Europe must finally cooperate more closely with Ukraine in order to push back Russian influence". Recently, however, the position of the NPD has clearly turned towards the Svoboda party . In the course of the Crimean crisis , however, the relationship between the NPD and Ukrainian nationalists deteriorated significantly. Since then, representatives of the NPD have tended to cultivate relations with Russia.

Ideology and symbolism

Politically, the UNA-UNSO is characterized by a radically anti-Russian stance. She supports the ideas of the Ukrainian publicist Dmytro Donzow . Her goals include overthrowing the Ukrainian government and fighting the mafia and homosexuals . It is also oriented towards organizations such as the Irish Republican Army , the Kurdish resistance movement , the Afghan mujahedas and the Cuban insurrection movement . The main goal of the UNA-UNSO is complete economic independence from Russia.

For anti-Semitism there is a conflicting opinion within the organization. While the organization initially exhibited a strong anti-Semitism, the historical existence of the Holocaust was questioned in the organization's publications, the UNSO has partly moved away from its former positions since the Euromaidan and the entry into the Prawyj sector . For example, a senior member declared that Jews in Ukraine had nothing to fear. At the same time, however, it estimated that 90% of Ukrainian bankers were Jewish. On April 11, 2014, UNSO members met with the Odessa Jewish Community and removed anti-Semitic graffiti.

Despite its nationalistic orientation, the UNA-UNSO also has foreign members. A prominent example is the Belarusian Michail Schysnewski , who became known as one of the first victims of the Euromaidan .

A cross with the letters УНСО (UNSO) can be seen on the organization's logo . In the middle is the Trysub , a symbol that can also be found on the coat of arms of Ukraine . The colors black and red can be invoked on the symbolism of the Ukrainian insurgent army .

Web links

Commons : UNA-UNSO  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ unso.in.ua
  2. ^ Analysis of right-wing extremism in Ukraine , bpb.de
  3. ↑ Supreme Court puts extremist tag on Ukrainian far right groups
  4. ↑ Federal Agency for Civic Education: Analysis: The emergence of ukrainophonic party-like right-wing extremism in Ukraine in the 1990s - bpb. In: bpb.de. June 13, 2012, accessed December 31, 2014 .
  5. ↑ Нарис історії УНСО ( Memento from December 10, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  6. ↑ Нарис історії УНСО ( Memento from December 10, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  7. ↑ Karen Dawisha: Democratic Changes and Authoritarian Reactions in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus and Moldova. Cambridge University Press, 1997, ISBN 978-0-521-59732-6 , p. 349. limited preview in Google Book search
  8. ↑ Benjamin Bidder: Killed Nationalist Leader: Two bullets in the heart of the "White Sascha". In: Spiegel Online . March 25, 2014, accessed June 10, 2018 .
  9. ↑ https://www.wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/08KYIV2323_a.html
  10. ↑ http://ukraine-nachrichten.de/ukrainische-nationalisten-gegen-anzeichnung-kosovos_337_politik
  11. ↑ Ukrainian soldiers were present when Georgia attacked South Ossetia. In: ria.ru. December 31, 2014, accessed December 31, 2014 .
  12. ↑ Нарис історії УНСО ( Memento from December 10, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  13. ↑ Video: Про що заявив "Сашко Білий" на Президії Рівненської облради зі зброєю в руках? on YouTube , February 24, 2014
  14. ↑ Blind eye turned to influence of far-right in Ukrainian crisis: critics In: Global News Canada on March 7, 2014
  15. ↑ http://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/206070.html
  16. ↑ unso.in.ua
  17. ↑ Чому я йду воювати ( Memento from February 15, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
  18. ↑ Russia launches criminal case against UNA_UNSO and Svoboda
  19. ↑ Leader of ukrainian nationalits shoot dead
  20. ↑ Ukrainian ultra-nationality shot
  21. ^ Russia classes UNA-UNSO and Right Sector as extremist organizations
  22. ↑ http://antifadueren.blogsport.de/2014/03/19/braune-europavisionen/
  23. ↑ Archived copy ( Memento from August 11, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
  24. ^ Benjamin Bidder: Neo-Nazi Meetings in Russia: Moscow's Right-Wing International. In: Spiegel Online . March 23, 2015, accessed June 10, 2018 .
  25. ↑ Ideology, goals, organization and activities of the Ukrainian Nationalist Assembly - Ukrainian Nationalist Self-Defense l (French)
  26. ↑ Showdown in Kiev: What's the Ukrainian phrase for 'Brown Shirts?', Latimes.com (English)
  27. ↑ Ideology, goals, organization and activities of the Ukrainian Nationalist Assembly - Ukrainian Nationalist Self-Defense l (French)
  28. ↑ Holocaust. Truth about Babyn Yar. In: unaunso.org. Accessed December 31, 2014 .
  29. ↑ http://www.latimes.com/opinion/opinion-la/la-ol-ukraine-nationalism-antisemitism-20140128-story.html
  30. ↑ http://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-politics/1646978-odesa_jews_unso_remove_anti_semitic_graffiti_conjointly_320059.html
  31. ↑ Цела забітага на Майдане беларуса адправяць на радзіму ў нядзелю, svaboda.by (Belarusian) ( Memento from January 24, 2016 in the Internet Archive )