Indo-European fable

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Indo-European fable is a short text written by the linguist August Schleicher in 1868 , which he wanted to understand as a fable in the reconstructed original language Indo-European . With this text, Schleicher wanted to show not only individual reconstructed word forms, but also their syntactic connection in the sentence. At first Schleicher tried to translate existing texts, but he was unsuccessful because the stock of secured Indo-European original words was too small. So he thought up his own little story.

The first new version was published in 1939 by Hermann Hirt and the second in 1979 by Winfred P. Lehmann and Ladislav Zgusta . In 1997 another by Douglas Quentin Adams appeared in the Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture (1997: 501), in 2007 one by Frederik Kortlandt , in 2008 one by Rosemarie Lühr and in 2017 one by Carlos Quiles.

Frames

Schleicher (1868)

Avis akvāsas ka.

Avis, jasmin varnā na ā ast, dadarka akvams, tam, vāgham garum vaghantam, tam, bhāram magham, tam, manum āku bharantam. Avis akvabhjams ā vavakat: kard aghnutai mai vidanti manum akvams agantam.
Akvāsas ā vavakant: krudhi avai, kard aghnutai vividvant- svas: manus patis varnām avisāms karnauti svabhjam gharmam vastram avibhjams ka varnā na asti.
Tat kukruvants avis agram ā bhugat.

Schleicher's German translation with its additions in square brackets and explanatory descriptions in round brackets (1868)

[The] sheep and [the] horses.

[A] sheep, [on] which wool was not (a sheared sheep) {,} saw Rosse, driving the [a] heavy wagon, the [a] great load, the [a] man quickly carrying. [The] sheep said [to the] horses: [The] heart is narrowed [in] me (I am sincerely sorry), seeing [the] man [the] horse.
[The] horses said: Hear sheep, [the] heart is narrowed [in] those who have seen (we are sincerely sorry because we know): [the] man [who] lord {,} makes [the] wool [the] sheep [to] warm clothes [for] themselves and [the] sheep is not wool (the sheep, however, have no more wool, they are sheared; they are even worse off than the horses).
Having heard this, [the] sheep turned (escaped) [onto the] field (it made itself out of the dust).

Shepherd (1939)

Owis ek'wōses-kʷe

Owis, jesmin wьlənā ne ēst, dedork'e ek'wons, tom, woghom gʷьrum weghontm̥, tom, bhorom megam, tom, gh'ьmonm̥ ōk'u bherontm̥. Owis ek'womos ewьwekʷet: k'ērd aghnutai moi widontei gh'ьmonm̥ ek'wons ag'ontm̥. Ek'wōses ewьwekʷont: kl'udhi, owei !, k'ērd aghnutai vidontmos: gh'ьmo, potis, wьlənām owjôm kʷr̥neuti sebhoi ghʷermom westrom; owimos-kʷe wьlənā ne esti. Death k'ek'ruwos owis ag'rom ebhuget.

Lehmann and Zgusta (1979)

Owis eḱwōskʷe

Gʷərēi owis, kʷesjo wl̥hnā ne ēst, eḱwōns espeḱet, oinom ghe gʷr̥um woǵhom weǵhontm̥, oinomkʷe meǵam bhorom, oinomkʷe ǵhm̥enm̥ ōḱu bherontm̥. Owis nu eḱwobh (j) os (eḱwomos) ewewkʷet: "Ḱēr aghnutoi moi eḱwōns aǵontm̥ nerm̥ widn̥tei". Eḱwōs tu ewewkʷont: "Ḱludhi, owei, ḱēr ghe aghnutoi n̥smei widn̥tbh (j) os (widn̥tmos): nēr, potis, owiōm r̥ wl̥hnām sebhi gʷhermom westrom kʷrn̥eutiō. Nehi o. Death ḱeḱluwōs owis aǵrom ebhuget.

Adams (1997)

H 2 óu̯is h 1 ék̂u̯ōs-kʷe

[GRH x ei] h 2 ouis, kʷési̯o ULH 2 NEH 4 ne (h 1 é) est, h 1 éku̯ons spéket, h 1 oinom ghe GRH x To de- u̯óĝhom u̯éĝhontm̥ h 1 oinom-KE ĝ megh a m bhórom, h 1 oinom -kʷe ĝhménm̥ h x ṓk̂u bhérontm̥. h 2 óu̯is tu h 1 ek̂u̯oibh (i̯) os u̯eukʷét: 'k̂ḗr h a eghnutór moi h 1 ék̂u̯ons h a éĝontm̥ h a nérm̥ u̯idn̥téi. h 1 ék̂u̯ōs tu u̯eukʷónt: 'k̂ludhí, h 2 óu̯ei, k̂ḗr ghe h a eghnutór n̥sméi u̯idn̥tbh (i̯) ós. h a nḗr, pótis, h 2 éu̯i̯om r̥ u̯l̥h 2 néh a m sebhi kʷr̥néuti nu gʷhérmom u̯éstrom néĝhi h 2 éu̯i̯om u̯l̥h 2 néh a h 1 ésti. ' Tód k̂ek̂luu̯ṓs h 2 óu̯is h a éĝrom bhugét.

Kortlandt (2007)

ʕʷeuis ʔkeuskʷe

ʕʷeuis iosmi ʕuelʔn neʔst ʔekuns ʔe 'dērkt, tom' gʷrʕeum uogom ugentm, tom m'geʕm borom, tom dgmenm ʔoʔku brentm. ʔe uēukʷt ʕʷeuis ʔkumus: kʷntske ʔmoi kērt ʕnerm ui'denti ʔekuns ʕ'gentm. ʔe ueukʷnt ʔkeus: kludi ʕʷuei, kʷntske nsmi kērt ui'dntsu: ʕnēr potis ʕʷuiom ʕulʔenm subi gʷormom uestrom kʷrneuti, ʕʷuimus kʷe ʕuelʔn neʔsti. To'd kekluus ʕʷeuis ʕe'grom ʔe bēu'gd.

Lühr (2008)

h 2 ówis h 1 ék'wōsk w e

h 2 ówis, (H) jésmin h 2 wlh 2 néh 2 ne éh 1 est, dedork'e (h 1 ) ék'wons, tóm, wóg ' h om g w érh 2 um wég' h ontm, tóm, b h órom még'oh 2 m, tóm, d h g ' h émonm h 2 oHk'ú b h érontm. h 2 ówis (h 1 ) ék'wob h os ewewk w e (t): k'ḗrd h 2 g h nutoj moj widntéj d h g ' h mónm (h 1 ) ék'wons h 2 ég'ontm. (h 1 ) ék'wōs ewewk w : k'lud h í, h 2 ówi! k'ḗrd h 2 g h nutoj widntb h ós: d h g ' h émō (n), pótis, h 2 wlnéh 2 m h 2 ówjom k w newti séb h oj g wh érmom wéstrom; h 2 éwib h osk w e h 2 wlh 2 néh 2 né h 1 esti. Tód k'ek'luwṓs h 2 ówis h 2 ég'rom eb h uge (t).

Carlos Quiles (2017)

Schleicher's fable

óu̯is éku̯ōs-kwe

óu̯is i̯ósmi u̯l̥nā né est éku̯ons dedórke, tom gwr̥hu̯úm u̯óghom u̯éghontm̥, tom mégām bhórom, tom dhghmónm̥ ōkú bhérontm̥. óu̯is éku̯obhos u̯eu̯kwét: "kērd ághnutor moi, dhghmónm̥ éku̯ons ágontm̥ u̯idn̥téi̯." éku̯ōs u̯eu̯kwónt: “kl̥néu, óu̯i! kērd ághnutor nos u̯idn̥tbhós: dhghmōn, pótis, óu̯i̯os u̯l̥nām sébhei̯ gwhórmom u̯éstrom kwr̥néu̯ti. óu̯i̯om-kwe u̯l̥nā né esti ”. Death kekluu̯ṓs óu̯is ágrom bhugét.

Emboss Germanic

Awiz eχwôz-uχe

Awiz, þazmai wullô ne wase, eχwanz gasáχwe, ainan kurun waganan wegandun, anþeran mekelôn burþînun, þridjanôn gumanun berandun. Awiz eχwamiz kwaþe: "Χertôn gaángwjedai mez seχwandi eχwanz gumanun akandun." Eχwôz kwêdund: «Gaχáusî, awi, χertôn gaángwjedai unsez seχwandumiz: gumô, faþiz awjôn wullôn sez warman westran garwidi; avimiz wullô ne esti. " Þat gaχáusijandz awiz akran þlauχe.

Version by Lehmann and Zgusta (1979)

The content of this fabulous version differs slightly from the version by Schleicher; it begins with "On a hill ..." . In English translation it means: On a hill, a sheep that had no wool saw horses, one of them pulling a heavy wagon, one carrying a big load, and one carrying a man quickly. The sheep said to the horses: "My heart pains me, seeing a man driving horses". The horses said: “Listen, sheep, our hearts pain us when we see this: a man, the master, makes the wool of the sheep into a warm garment for himself. And the sheep has no wool ”. Having heard this, the sheep fled into the plain.

Note: The revised version of Schleicher's fable uses a modified spelling that differs from the usual notation in Proto-Indo-European . The h and w are not superscripted to denote aspiration and labialization . In addition, most of the laryngals are omitted and - as far as they are identified - no further distinction is made. The original version of the fable - as listed in the table above - uses Schleicher's notation, which is influenced by Sanskrit , but uses j instead of y.

German translation

The sheep and the horses

A sheep that was out of wool saw horses, one driving a heavy wagon, one carrying a heavy load, one carrying a person quickly. The sheep said: My heart becomes narrow when I see that man drives horses. The horses said: Hear sheep, our hearts become narrow because we have seen: Man, the Lord, makes the wool of the sheep into a warm dress for himself and the sheep have no more wool. When it heard this, the sheep fled into the field.

Trivia

In the film Prometheus - Dark Signs, the android David learns Indo-European, among other things, by reciting Schleicher's fable. His interactive language teacher for Indo-European is in this scene by Dr. Anil Biltoo, who also acted as the language expert for the film. Later David can use his language skills to communicate with one of the designers.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. http://www.kortlandt.nl/publications/art243e.pdf
  2. http://www.indogermanistik.uni-jena.de/dokumente/Weiter/delbrueck.pdf ( Memento from February 6, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
  3. Quiles, C., López-Menchero, F. (2017). North-West Indo-European. Badajoz, Spain: Academia Prisca. DOI: 10.13140 / RG.2.2.28327.65445
  4. Euler W. , Badenheuer K. , Language and Origin of the Germanic Peoples: Demolition of Proto-Germanic Before the First Sound Shift. - London / Hamburg: Verlag Inspiration Un Limited, 2009. - S. 213. - 244 s. - ISBN 978-3-9812110-1-6
  5. ^ Stu Holmes: The Linguistics of Prometheus - what David says to the Engineer In: The Bioscopist, June 20, 2012. Retrieved July 12, 2017.