Ineseño
| Ineseño | ||
|---|---|---|
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Spoken in |
United States | |
| speaker | (extinct) | |
| Linguistic classification |
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| Official status | ||
| Official language in | - | |
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639 -1 |
- |
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| ISO 639 -2 |
- |
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| ISO 639-3 | ||
The Ineseño (alternative spelling: Inezeño ) is an extinct North American language belonging to the Chumash language family , spoken by Chumash Indians in the Santa Ynez Mountains ( Santa Barbara County ) in southern California . The name is samala .
Genetic situation
The Ineseño was closely related to the other Chumash languages and, in addition to common structural features of grammar, also shares an identical phoneme inventory with them. Ineseño was particularly closely related to the barbareño . It may even be dialectic variants of the same language.
grammar
Phonology
As is typical for indigenous languages on the American west coast, the Ineseño had a complex phoneme inventory . Distinctive series of bilabial , apical , palatal and uvular plosives were characteristic . These and all other obstruents also occurred distinctively in simple, glottalized and aspirated variants. In addition, there was a complex system of morphophonological processes at the morpheme boundaries, as well as vowel harmony . The emphasis was mostly on the panultima (the penultimate syllable ).
morphology
The Ineseño was a polysynthetic language, which is evident in the presence of pronominal prefixes on both nouns and verbs and additional pronominal suffixes on verbs, which thus constitute a polypersonal marking of actants and numerous additional lexical affixes with different semantics . The Ineseño also had a complex apparatus of derivative morphology .
vocabulary
Due to the original Spanish colonization of Southern California, the Ineseño vocabulary contains some Spanish loanwords and loan translations of Spanish phraseologisms .
Revitalization
Revitalization attempts are currently taking place in the Santa Ynez reservation under the direction of the linguist Richard Applegate. A dictionary of Ineseño was published as part of the program.
Web links
- Chumash Indian Languages. From native-languages.org, accessed November 8, 2015.
literature
- Richard Brian Applegate: Ineseño Chumash Grammar. 1971, (Berkeley CA, University of California, dissertation, December 1972, digitized ).
- Marianne Mithun: The Languages of Native North America. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge et al. 1999, ISBN 0-521-23228-7 .
- Santa Ynez Band of Chumash Indians in Collaboration with Richard B. Applegate and the Santa Ynez Chumash Education Committee: Samala – English Dictionary. A Guide to the Samala Language of the Ineseño Chumash People. Santa Ynez Band of Chumash Indians, Santa Ynez CA 2007, ISBN 978-0-615-13131-3 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Mithun: The Languages of Native North America. 1999, p. 389.
- ↑ a b Mithun: The Languages of Native North America. 1999, p. 390.
- ↑ Applegate: Ineseño Chumash Grammar. 1971, pp. 192-232.
- ↑ Applegate: Ineseño Chumash Grammar. 1971, p. 147.
- ↑ http://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS180466+21-Apr-2008+PRN20080421 ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
