Ingush language

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Ingush

Spoken in

Ingushetia ( Russian Federation )
speaker approx. 240,000
Linguistic
classification
Official status
Official language in Ingushetia Ingushetia (besides Russian )
Language codes
ISO 639 -1

-

ISO 639 -2

inh

ISO 639-3

inh

Ingush (dark green) belonging to the Northeast Caucasian language family

The Ingush language (own name: ГІалгІай мотт Ğalğaj mott [ʁalʁaj mott]) is spoken by almost 240,000 people, mainly in the Autonomous Republic of Ingushetia ( Russian Federation ). It is closely related to Chechen , so speakers of both languages ​​can understand each other to a certain extent. Both languages ​​form the subgroup of the Wainachi languages within the Nachi language group . The language has been written using the Cyrillic alphabet since 1938 .

Linguistic characteristics

Ingush is characterized by a large number of vowels and consonants . In addition to ejectives , there are also uvulars and pharyngals among consonants .

It is an ergative language with a total of 8 cases ; the language also has a system of 6 nominal classes .

The grammatical categories tense , aspect , mode , number and class are marked on the verb , but no person .

vocabulary

In the Ingush vocabulary there are borrowings from Russian , Arabic , Persian and Turkish etc. a.

Text sample

ЮСТАРА ЛАТТА БОКЪО ЯЦ (наьна мотт дегІабоалабира наькъех)

У. ДУДАРОВ

Тахан, вайна ма харра, гІалгІай школашка дешар хьехалга эрсий меттала оттадаь, дІахьош да. ГІалгІай меттала алхха ГІалгІай мотти, литературеи, дына бовхамаши мара хьехац. Таханарча гІалгІай халкъа а метта а хьалага, цар хьашташка диллача из нийса да, кхоачам болаш да. Вай кхетаде деза гІалгІай алфавит эрсий графика ларда тІа хилар дешархошта дикка аьттув луш долга. [...]

literature

  • Bol'šaja Sovetskaja Ėnciklopedija ( Great Soviet Encyclopedia ). 3. Edition.
  • RI Dolakova: Ingušskij jazyk . In: Jazyki narodov SSSR . Volume 4. Moscow 1967 (Russian)
  • Françoise Guerin: Description de l'ingouche: parler du center north du Caucase. LINCOM Europe, Munich 2001.
  • Para Partchieva, Françoise Guérin: Parlons tchétchène-ingouche , éditions L'Harmattan, Paris, 1997.
  • Zaurbek K. Mal'sagov: Grammatika ingušskogo jazyka . Čečeno-ingušskoe knižnoe izdatel'stvo, Groznyj 1963. (in Russian)
  • Johanna Nichols: Ingush . In: Rieks Smeets (Ed.): The Indigenous Languages ​​of the Caucasus. Volume 4. Caravan Books, Delmar (New York) 1994, pp. 79-145.

See also:

  • Der Fischer Weltalmanach 2007, p. 399.

Web links

Wikipedia in Ingush
Wiktionary: Ingush  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ from the Serdalo newspaper on ingushetiya.ru (September 3, 2002)