Interlingue

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Interlingue
Project author Edgar by choice
Year of publication 1922
speaker about 30
Linguistic
classification
particularities With Wahl's rule it was possible for the first time to integrate the deverbal derivations that existed in ethnic languages ​​such as “redaction”, “activ” etc. into a regular system.
Language codes
ISO 639 -1

ie

ISO 639 -2

ile

ISO 639-3

ile

symbol
Symbol of Interlingue / Occidental
Text sample
Noi have un grand international congress in li cité. Li nationes de Europa es representat per eminent cultural persones. Li center del congress es in li palace del parlament. On vide delegationes de divers partes de Europa, de north e south, de east e west.

Interlingue is a planned language . It was published in 1922 under the name Occidental by the Baltic German Edgar von Wahl . It takes on a mediating position between so-called naturalistic and schematic planned languages. Because of the risk of confusion with Interlingua , they are often called Occidental Interlingue in specialist literature .

Interlingue mainly differs from other planned languages ​​in that it takes over the international vocabulary (words that are the same or similar in many languages) largely unchanged in stems and affixes, so that the forms already known from the international vocabulary result, but they on the other hand can also be explained analytically as derivatives of stem words.

The intention is to make the language easy for those who know the international vocabulary (Europeans, Americans) on the one hand, and on the other hand, by tracing back to a few root words, for those who do not yet know the international vocabulary.

history

In February 1922 Edgar von Wahl published the first issue of the magazine "Kosmoglott", which he wrote in Occidental, and a little later the key that contained the grammar and all word formation rules. This was followed by keys in French, English and Russian.

In 1928 the first larger dictionary German-Occidental by Joseph Gär appeared. It also provides an outline of the grammar on the first 31 pages. As early as 1927, the "Kosmoglott" was renamed "Cosmoglotta" and the editorial department was transferred to the company of the same name in Austria ( Wall near Vienna ). In 1929 the Occidental Union was founded, which in 1949 was renamed Interlingue Union , analogous to the language .

The language's heyday was in the 1920s and 1930s. The dictatorships and the Second World War weakened all planned languages, including Occidental, very much. In 1936, all planned language organizations in Germany were dissolved. Occidental was able to 'hibernate' in Switzerland during this time under the “tireless and sacrificial work for the spreading and preservation”. Prof Ric Berger, Fred Lagnel and Dr. Fritz Haas.

In 1949, Occidental was renamed Interlingue . Two main motives are likely to have played a part in this: First, one wanted to avoid allegedly belonging to the western (NATO) bloc in the bloc conflict with the name 'Occidental'. Second, the aim was to get closer to the project developed by the International Auxiliary Language Association (IALA), which was very similar to the Occidental and whose name Interlingua was already foreseeable.

In 1951 the IALA published its Interlingua project , which is essentially based on the principles established by Edgar von Wahl. However, Interlingua is somewhat less simplified, ie less schematized and therefore somewhat more irregular than Interlingue.

Spokesperson

The address book published by the Interlingue Union in 1999 contained 29 names from 16 countries with an addendum. According to the chairman of the Interlingue Union, the organization had 46 members in early 2009.

Otto Back estimates the number of Occidental sympathizers at around 200, while the activists at just a handful. He also points to a noticeable peculiarity in contrast to the speakers communities of Esperanto , Ido or Interlingua : the extensive lack of international meetings, which he describes as an "instrument of linguistic testing and emotional cohesion". For the followers, the technical discussion was more important than the spread of the language through lessons.

Grammatical overview

The noun has two forms: singular and plural. The plural is formed from the singular by adding - (e) s: auto - autos, strada - stradas, cité - cités, nation - nationes.

The adjective is not inflected: rapid, grand, verd, old. It can optionally have the ending -i: rapidi, grandi, verdi, alti. Comparative with plu , superlative with max: plu grand, max grand. To derive adverbs from adjectives, the ending -men is added to the stem: rapidmen.

The verb has four forms:

  1. Stem + r (amar)
  2. pure stem (ama)
  3. Stem + (e) nt (amant)
  4. Stem + t (amat)

There are three basic times in the Occidental: present, past, and future. Shape 2 is the finite shape. If the verb is not determined by the auxiliary verbs var (future) or fer (past), the present is assumed: Yo ama - I love; yo va amar - I will love; yo fe amar - i loved.

The fer + Form 1 construction is out of date. Instead, the auxiliary har + form 4 is often used. Har is sometimes left out entirely: Yo ha amat; yo amat.

When it comes to pronouns, there is a distinction between subject forms and object forms (cf. English: I - me ; French: je - me ). The personal pronouns are: Singular: yo - me, tu - te, il - le, ella - la, it - it; Plural: noi - nos, vu - vos, ili - les. The question pronoun qui (who) has the facultative object form quem (cf. English: who - whom).

The sequence subject-verb-object is common in a sentence, but the object can also be placed in front.

Words are formed by combining words or deriving them using affixes.

Text examples

U reye li max grand obscuritá? Where is it darkest?
Esque to ne es un stult question? Ne absolutmen, nam it totmen ne es tam self-evident que it es durant li nocte que li obscuritá es max grand. Li obscuration ya ha monstrat nos que mem durant un nocte obscur, tre mult coses es ancor visibil. Mult plu grand es li obscuritá durant cindre-pluvies, quande por exemple un clar-lucent lampe plu ne posse esser videt in un distantie de un meter. Ancor plu grand li obscuritá sembla esser in li profundores del mare; on vell ta presc posser parlar pri un obscuritá interran. Yes in un profundore de 6 meters li luce desapari presc completmen e ye 90 meters presc li tot lúmine spectral hat pallidijat, quam raportar W. Beebe pri su viages plongeatori. Ye 240 meters de profundore li explorator videt solmen li max profund e max nigri blu imaginable, un realmen interran color. Desde 600 meters, li obscuritá it completes in li ocean. Li max grand obscuritá sembla do reyer in li profundores del mar. Isn't that a stupid question? And yet it cannot be taken for granted that it is darkest at night. The blackout showed us again that a lot can be seen even during a dark night. It is much darker with volcanic ash rain when z. B. a bright lamp can no longer be seen at a distance of one meter. It seems to be even darker, almost unearthly dark, in the depths of the ocean. Already at a depth of six meters the light disappears almost completely and at 90 meters almost all of the spectral light had faded, reports W. Beebe practicing his deep-sea diving trips. At a depth of 240 meters, the researcher saw only the deepest, blackest blue imaginable, an almost unearthly color. From 600 meters on, the ocean is completely dark. Accordingly, it seems to be darkest in the depths of the oceans.

literature

  • Edgar von Wahl: Radicarium directiv del Lingue International (Occidental) in 8 lingues. Tallinn 1925.
  • Ilmari Federn (Ed.): Spiritu de Occidental. Li Ovre de Edgar de Wahl Chapelle 1938.
  • E. Pigal (Ed.): Occidental the world language. Introduction including teaching course, reading pieces, frequency dictionary, including contributions by E. Graber, K. Janotta, E. Pigal, J Prorók, AZ Ramstedt and E. v. Choice. Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1930.
  • F. Haas: The present situation of the world language question, Occidental-Interlingue (1944). In: The Nation. ( pdf )

Web links

Wiktionary: Interlingue  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Wilhelm Blaschke: The European language arises. Planned language-technology-IALA. Gmunden 1950, p. 17.
  2. ↑ a b Otto Back: On the present situation of the Occidental (Interlingue). In: Planned languages ​​and their communities. Contributions to the 11th annual conference of the Gesellschaft für Interlinguistik e. V., November 23-25, 2001 in Berlin. Berlin 2002, p. 29.