Ido (language)

The following important information is missing from this article or section:

Phonetics and phonology (systematic representation in IPA ), grammar (details on morphology and syntax ), vocabulary (including the apparently controversial derivative morphology ) and spelling (cf. language template ); Criticism: abandoning the strict agglutination and the principle “neceso kaj sufiĉo”; exact sources (individual references / footnotes).

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I do
Project author	Louis de Beaufront , Louis Couturat
Year of publication	1907
speaker	2000 to 5000 (no native speakers)
Linguistic classification	Constructed language Planned language World auxiliary language Esperantide Ido (language)
particularities	based on Esperanto ( Esperantid )
Language codes
ISO 639 -1	ok
ISO 639 -2	I do
ISO 639-3	I do

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Ido Congress in Dessau 1922

Ido is a planned language that was created in 1907 by the French mathematician and philosopher Louis Couturat in coordination with the French tutor Louis de Beaufront on the basis of Esperanto (Esperanto ido = descendant, descendant ). Esperanto, published in 1887, did not seem uniform and logical enough to them. In Ido they only used the letters of the Latin alphabet and dispensed with the Esperanto diacritical marks . Furthermore, they redesigned the Esperanto vocabulary in part according to the principle of "greatest possible internationality"; What is meant by this, however, is only an adjustment to the Romance languages. They also gave their project an extended word derivation system compared to Esperanto.

history

On the occasion of the World Exhibition in Paris in 1900 , a delegation was set up to accept an international auxiliary language . By 1907, 310 societies of scholars, merchants, salaried employees and workers, as well as 1,250 university lecturers, had joined the delegation as individual members. In 1907 a commission of linguists, scientists and philosophers was elected from this delegation. This included u. a. the German chemist and later Nobel Prize winner Wilhelm Ostwald as chairman, the Danish linguist Otto Jespersen and the French linguist and sponsor of the Esperanto Marquis Louis de Beaufront . The Commission should select and promote one of the existing planned languages. A brochure by an unknown author named "Ido" turned up at one of the sessions. Ido is an Esperanto word and means "descendant". The Ido project saw itself as a reformed Esperanto in the tradition of Ludwik Zamenhof's reform proposals from 1894. A majority of the delegation's committee accepted the project, including de Beaufront, the representative of the Esperanto project. In 1908 de Beaufront declared that he himself was "Ido". The project itself seems to be a joint effort by de Beaufront, the Esperantist Alfred Michaux and, above all, Louis Couturat - Couturat was a co-founder of the delegation and was not allowed to propose a project of his own.

In terms of linguistic history, the Ido cannot be explained without Esperanto; Blanke follows Drezen's assessment that the differences between the two languages ​​( vocabulary and grammar ) do not exceed 15 percent. Esperantists and Idists could understand each other without much problem.

Ido was able to win between ten and twenty percent of the members of the Esperanto Language Committee. What proportion of all Esperanto speakers went over to Ido, on the other hand, cannot be said with certainty; the Esperantist Edmond Privat has estimated this proportion in Historio de Esperanto at three to four percent, without specifying what this estimate is based on.

It was problematic for the development of the Ido movement that the Idists continued to develop their language. In addition to the death of Louis Couturat in 1914, the emergence of other planned language projects, primarily that of the Occidental from 1922 and the Novial from 1928, hindered the further spread of the Ido. Still, there are Ido clubs to this day.

Spread and aim

It is estimated that there are between 1000 and 2500 Ido speakers today. The 2004 Ido conference in Kiev had 14 participants from six countries. In September 2005, another Ido conference with around 13 participants took place in Toulouse . The Ido Conference 2006 took place from August 25th to 28th in Berlin . From October 19 to 25, 2007, a conference was held in Paris on the occasion of its 100th anniversary. The 2008 conference took place in Neviges near Wuppertal, the 2009 conference in Riga and Tallinn . The Ido conference 2011 in Echternach (Luxembourg) had 24 participants from 11 countries.

The Ido followers are organized internationally in the ULI ( Uniono por la Linguo Internaciona Ido “Union for the international Ido language”). There are national organizations in more than 20 countries.

Some magazines are published regularly:

1. Progreso (official body of the ULI)
2. Ido-Saluto (official organ of the German Ido Society)
3. Kuriero Internaciona

Literature is mainly found in the form of electronic publications. Printed literature can be obtained from Ido libraries.

The aim of the Ido is to serve international communication alongside the existing national languages:

Ad omna populo sua propra linguo e duesma komune por omni. - "Every people their own language and a second common language for everyone."

The twelve main rules

1. You speak exactly as you write: the vowels are German, the consonants are English.
2. The penultimate syllable is emphasized, only the last for the infinitive .
3. Definite article: la, if the next word starts with a vowel: l '; there is no indefinite one.
4. The noun ends in the singular with -o, in the plural with -i .
5. The immutable adjective ends in -a .
6. The adverb ends in -e .
7. The ending of the verb in the infinitive is -ar, -ir or -or , depending on the tense (present, past, future) .
8. With regard to person and number, the verb remains unchanged, whereby (as in Esperanto ) it ends in -as, -is, -os, -us (for the subjunctive ). Then there is -ez as a request and command form.
9. The participle endings of the active form: -anta, -inta, -onta; passive: -ata, -ita, -ota .
10. All prepositions rule the nominative. The genitive is formed with di, the dative with a (ad) .
11. Accusative ending: -n . However, it is only used when this is essential for understanding, mostly when the object precedes the subject.
12. Decision-making questions are introduced with the word ka (d) "whether".

A detailed presentation of the Ido grammar can be found in Kompleta Gramatiko detaloza di la linguo internaciona Ido by Louis de Beaufront. A brief description of the Ido history and language rules in German can be found in About the structure and development of the Ido compared to Esperanto by Günter Anton.

Assessment in interlinguistics

According to the interlinguist , Esperantist and Interlingua fanatic Tazio Carlevaro, the Ido movement is still alive, but in a kind of residual state. According to him, the Ido Academy considered language to be something deliberately doable. One must reform Ido from time to time, with the progress of linguistics. The Esperantists, on the other hand, believed that linguistic progress was automatic and rooted in the needs of the speakers.

His colleague and Esperanto supporter Detlev Blanke generally criticizes the Ido or its supporters for not having recognized how important it is to ensure stability for a planned language . The basic attitude that Ido must be constantly improved has given room to subjective views about "improvements". There are no linguistic criteria according to which the quality of a language can be clearly determined. In addition, it is unrealistic, for example, to only ask for one meaning per word, and the Ido lexicographers would not have been able to stick to this either, said Blanke.

In his opinion, Ido has a special meaning for interlinguistics despite everything. Among other things, it has become clear how important the stability of a planned language is and that individual changes to a planned language result in a chain of further reforms. Also important is the role of aesthetic literature, which was underestimated by the Idists.

Text examples

Ido is heavily based on Esperanto so that texts in Ido are understandable for Esperanto speakers, provided they are familiar with Romance languages. Anyone who has not learned a Romance or Germanic language besides Esperanto can have difficulties with the differences such as ĉevalo in Esperanto and kavalo in Ido for "horse". There are also a number of words that have different meanings in the two languages, e.g. B .: grava in Esperanto “important”, in ido “difficult”, legi in Esperanto “read”, in ido “laws”, naski in Esperanto “give birth”, in ido “be born”.

Esperanto and Ido in comparison

Esperanto	I do	German
Oldestimataj sinjoroj!	Oldestimata Siori!	Dear Sirs!
En la gazeto de via urbo mi legis, ke vi serĉas kontoriston,	En la jurnalo di via urbo me lektis, ke vi serchas kontoristo,	I read in the newspaper in your town that you were looking for an accountant
kiu konas krom la librotenado ankaŭ la francan ling by kaj Esperanton.	qua savas ultre la registrago anke la franca linguo ed Ido.	who, in addition to bookkeeping, also knows French and Esperanto / Ido.

The Lord's Prayer on Ido

Patro nia, qua esas en la cielo,

tua nomo santigesez;

tua regno advenez;

tua volo facesez

quale en la cielo tale anke sur la tero.

Donez a ni cadie l'omnadiala pano,

e pardonez a ni nia ofensi,

quale anke ni pardonas a nia ofensanti,

e ne duktez ni aden la tento,

ma liberigez ni del malajo.

literature

• Detlev Blanke : International planned languages. An introduction. Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1985.

Web links

Wikipedia on Ido

Wiktionary: Ido  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Commons : Ido language  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• German Ido Society
• German Idoforum
• Ido por Omni - German Ido textbook from 1924 ( html , pdf )
• Website of the Uniono por la Linguo Internaciona Ido (ULI) (on Ido)
• Gennaro Cappelluti: IDO in breve. (PDF) (No longer available online.) In: linguo IDO / www.gcw.it / ido. September 2006, archived from the original on August 25, 2007 ; Retrieved November 5, 2015 (Italian). 

• Collection for planned languages ​​of the Austrian National Library

Individual evidence

1. ^ Trierischer Volksfreund about Ido Conference Trier, 2011
2. ^ Louis Couturat , Otto Jespersen , Richard Lorenz , Wilhelm Ostwald , Leopold Pfaundler von Hadermur : International language and science. Considerations on the introduction of an international language into science. Translation by FG ​​Donnan. Constable, London 1910, pp. 11-25.
3. ^ Ludwik Zamenhof in the magazine La Esperantisto. 1894.
4. ↑ Detlev Blanke : International planned languages. An introduction. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, 1985, p. 187.
5. ↑ Detlev Blanke : International planned languages. An introduction. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, 1985, p. 194.
6. ^ Edmond private: Historio de Esperanto. La movado 1900-1927. Leipzig 1927, p. 62.
7. ↑ See Idorenkontro 2004 .
8. ↑ See Idorenkontro 2005 ; Number of participants according to the picture.
9. ↑ See Idorenkontro 2006 .
10. ↑ See Idorenkontro 2007 .
11. ↑ See Idorenkontro 2008
12. ↑ See Idorenkontro 2009
13. ^ Ido conference in Echternach
14. ↑ See Ido-revui and Old Overview of Ido-Zeitschriften ( Memento from January 16, 2008 in the Internet Archive ).
15. ↑ See e.g. B. Ido-librerio dil ULI or http://es.geocities.com/krayono/idolibri.html ( Memento of July 7, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) .
16. ↑ See Ido-librerii .
17. ↑ See Beaufront, Kompleta Gramatiko detaloza di la linguo internaciona Ido (PDF; 753 kB).
18. ^ Günter Anton: About the structure and development of the Ido in comparison to Esperanto. In: Contributions to the 10th annual conference of the Society for Interlinguistics e. V., 17. – 19. November 2000 in Berlin. Editor: Detlev Blanke. GIL, Berlin 2001, 160 pp.
19. ^ Tazio Carlevaro: The socio-cultural self-image of the most important planned languages ​​apart from Esperanto. In: Ulrich Becker (Red.): Socio-cultural aspects of planned languages. Contributions to the 7th annual conference of the Gesellschaft für Interlinguistik e. V., 7th – 9th November 1997 in Berlin. Berlin 1998, pp. 4–17, here p. 14.
20. ↑ Detlev Blanke : International planned languages. An introduction. Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1985, pp. 189, 197.
21. ↑ ^{a b} Detlev Blanke: International planned languages. An introduction. Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1985, p. 201.