Islamic declaration
The Islamic Declaration ( Bosnian Islamska deklaracija ) is a programmatic, pan - Islamic text for the religious renewal of Muslims , the author of which is considered to be Alija Izetbegović . It was created in the mid-1960s in Bosnia and Herzegovina (then a republic of Yugoslavia ) as a joint effort by some leaders of the “young Muslims” ( Mladi Muslimani ), but was initially not published and only circulated in the inner circles of the Bosnian-Muslim opposition.
content
In the declaration, Izetbegović condemns, among other things, nationalism as a divisive instrument and describes communism as an inadequate system. In the polemical-philosophical treatise, he initially wanted to offer the Western audience Islam as an alternative to the bloc confrontation of the Cold War . In the ideological conflict between capitalism and socialism , Islam is the “ third way ”. The Islamic countries could only ensure their survival through a union in the form of a state federation. But the Islamic world is in a state of backwardness. The reasons are on the one hand the dogmatic interpretation of religion by conservative scholars and on the other hand the uncritical adoption of western political and philosophical concepts such as nationalism. A “rebirth” is necessary, that is, the establishment of an Islamic order as a synthesis of religion and politics. In societies with an Islamic majority, this should be done non-violently.
history
The Islamic Declaration was first published as a book in 1970 and attracted greater attention, especially in Islamic states. In Kuwait, for example, 100,000 copies were printed in Arabic . In Yugoslavia itself it remained largely unknown until it was found during a house search in the early 1980s as part of government measures against the Muslim opposition.
According to the indictment against 13 Muslim intellectuals, the declaration was a manifesto for the creation of a Muslim state within Yugoslavia. It says in it that “there can be no peace or coexistence between the Islamic faith and the non-Islamic social and political institutions”. Izetbegović, however, stated that there was no reference to Bosnia or Yugoslavia in the text, let alone that Bosnia should be made an ethnically cleansed state. The court sentenced him in 1983 to fourteen years in prison for "calling for the destruction of Yugoslavia". The sentence was reduced after the appeal. In 1988 Izetbegović was released early.
In 1990 the Islamska deklaracija was made available to the Yugoslav public in a reprint and understood by many as a political program for Bosnia-Herzegovina. What role it actually played in the political activities of Izetbegović and his Stranka Demokratske Akcije (SDA) party since the 1990s is controversial.
See also
Text output
- Alija Izetbegović, Islamska deklaracija. Sarajevo 1990
- Alija Izetbegović, Peter Gerlinghoff (Eds.), The Islamic Order. From the political program of the Bosnian President, Edition Neue Ways, Berlin 1993 (contains the second chapter of the "Islamic Declaration")
- Text in English (PDF file; 6.4 MB); ( more readable alternative )
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Armina Omerika: Key document: The Islamic Declaration , in: Agilolf Keßelring (edited on behalf of the Military History Research Office ): Guide to history: Bosnia-Herzegovina , Verlag Ferdinand Schöningh 2005, p. 105.
- ↑ Malcolm, Noel. Bosnia. A short history. (1994) p. 201.
- ↑ Islamska deklaracija ( Memento of the original from May 12, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 6.7 MB), p. 23.
