Israelite asylum for the deaf and dumb
| Israelitische deaf-mute institute Jewish deaf-mute institute Berlin |
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 View from the west |
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| Data | |
| place | Berlin-Weißensee, Parkstrasse 22 |
| architect | Johann Hoeniger |
| Client | Jewish Association Jedide Ilmim |
| Construction year | 1888 to 1891 |
| Floor space | 950 m² |
| Coordinates | 52 ° 33 '10.6 " N , 13 ° 27' 25.2" E |
| particularities | |
| The building complex is a listed building. | |
The Israelitische Taubstummenanstalt (abbreviation: ITA ) was an institution initiated by Markus Reich in 1873 for the education of deaf Jewish children. At the time, “deaf” was referred to as “ deaf and dumb ”. The institute began its training work in the private rooms of the initiator in Fürstenwalde . The sponsor of the ITA was the Jedide Ilmim association founded in 1884, which expanded its sphere of activity to more and more areas of the daily life of deaf people. From 1888 to 1939 ITA had its domicile in self-constructed new buildings in the Berlin suburb of Weißensee , which belonged to Berlin from 1920. The building complex was then used several times. Now (as of: 2019), several educational institutions are housed in the three-part building ensemble at Parkstrasse 22, including the Stephanus School for children and young people with a focus on "intellectual development", the Stephanus Elementary School, which opened in 2017, and the Elisabeth School for Social Pedagogy. Schools.
Beginnings in Fürstenwalde
Originally started on July 15, 1873 in Fürstenwalde in his own apartment with seven children, the Israelitische Taubstummenanstalt was then relocated to a leased property at Neuendorfer Straße 5 in Fürstenwalde.
In 1884 the association Jedide Ilmim (Friends of the Deaf and Mute) was founded, which took over the sponsorship of the ITA. By 1886, the association expanded its field of activity to include the promotion of vocational training and the granting of subsidies for business start-ups . By then it had 930 members in 93 locations throughout the German Empire . The buildings and the land area were soon no longer sufficient for the increasing demand, so a new location was sought.
Change of location
In 1888, the association acquired a property in Berlin-Weißensee at Parkstrasse 22 (initially listed under Parkstrasse 18). Here the association erected a multi-storey building for 62 students and the teachers by 1889 . When the Reich family and ten students moved from Fürstenwalde to Weißensee, lessons began here in 1890. The official inauguration took place on May 31, 1891.
After the King of Prussia granted the association its corporation rights on July 23, 1893 , it was recognized as a legal entity and was thus the official owner of the ITA.
By adding a side wing and extensive renovations, the ITA became the most modern facility of its kind in the German Empire in 1912.
After the First World War
The number of members of the Jedide Ilmim Association remained about the same even after the First World War , with 5,000 to 7,000 members. Membership fees and donations ensured that the education of the deaf children, who are not understood as " disabled " but as a "cultural minority ", was guaranteed.
After the founder's son, Felix Reich, took over the management of the ITA in 1919, a structural expansion was planned. In 1927, the association bought half of the neighboring property at Parkstrasse 23. The work of the institution for the deaf and dumb and its teaching staff focused on preparing for university entrance qualification , especially in scientific and technical subjects. In the same year, Felix Reich was able to set up an advanced class for particularly gifted deaf people at the state institution for the deaf and dumb in Berlin-Neukölln .
From 1928 other Jewish organizations could also be won over to support the ITA. In 1931, a kindergarten for the deaf opened in the building complex .
The documentary film Misunderstood People about the life of the deaf was shot in 1932 to a large extent in the Israelitische Taubstummenanstalt; the director Felix Reich appears in the film.
time of the nationalsocialism
In 1933 , Felix Reich was expelled as a Jew from the federal board of German deaf-mute teachers. Government grants have been cut and the deaf have been threatened by the Law for the Prevention of Hereditary Offspring . Because of this law, many deaf people in Germany were forcibly sterilized, sometimes against their will or without their knowledge, often with the participation of church institutions .
In 1938 the Israelite Deaf- Mute Asylum had to rename itself to the Jewish School for the Deaf . Felix Reich was imprisoned in Sachsenhausen concentration camp until December 1938 after the Reichskristallnacht .
On October 23, 1939, the Jedide Ilmim Association was dissolved and incorporated into the Reich Association of Jews in Germany . In the same year Felix Reich managed to go to London with ten kindergarten children as part of the Kindertransporte . His plan to bring the rest of the ITA's children to London failed when the Second World War broke out .
The teachers and supervisors who remained in Weißensee continued the work in the ITA. At the beginning of 1940, four teachers were teaching and supervising 22 children and three home economics students. From the end of 1941, the ITA was known as the "Home for the Blind and Deaf and Dumb" after the previous Jewish Institution for the Blind had been relocated from Berlin-Steglitz to Weissensee. The school for the deaf was moved to the Jewish elementary school at Schönhauser Allee 162. With the dissolution of all Jewish schools in Berlin in April 1942, the existence of the Israelitic Deaf-Mute Asylum ended.
The property in Weißenseer Parkstraße was handed over to the Weißensee District Office in 1941 and bought and used by the Weißensee District in 1943.
After the Second World War
_Israelitische_Taubstummenanstalt.jpg)
Weißensee was the first Berlin district liberated by the Soviet army . On April 25, 1945, the Soviet commandant installed the new Mayor of Weißensee, Jakob Kaszewski, in the former institution for the deaf and dumb . The completely newly formed district office continued to use the building and the property until it moved to Parkstrasse 82 at the corner of Amalienstraße. Around 1955 the property fell to the SED district management Berlin-Weißensee, which used it until the end of the GDR.
With German reunification in 1990, the Stephanus Foundation became a new user of the institution building. The ITA got their property back, but the Jewish Claims Conference acted as a representative of the interests of the Jewish owners . They sold the house in Parkstrasse to the Stephanus Foundation in 1997, regardless of the wishes of the interest group of Deaf Jewish descent in Germany .
_Johanna_Berg.jpg)
In 2001 a memorial plaque was unveiled on the building.
Open your mouth to the mute. Proverbs 31: 8
From 1890 to 1942, the Israelitische Taubmummen-Anstalt Berlin-Weißensee was located in this house.
The Jewish children and adults living here were deported to National Socialist extermination camps in 1942.
The dead in memory, the living in reminder.
In front of the building there is a stumbling block for Johanna Berg on behalf of all deportees from this facility .
Head of the Israelite Deaf-Mute Asylum
- 1873–1911: Markus Reich
- 1911-1919: Julius Kolodzinsky
- 1919–1939: Felix Reich
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Monument Parkstraße 22
- ↑ A new school for Weißensee: Stephanus Foundation expands its educational offer. In: Berliner Woche , Weißensee edition, March 3, 2017.
- ^ Technical school for social pedagogy of the Elisabeth schools at www.erzieherin-ausbildung.de.
- ^ Neu-Weißensee> Reich, M. In: Berliner Adreßbuch , 1895, III, p. 219 (Direkt. D. Israel. Taubstummenanst., Parkstr. 18).
- ↑ Parkstrasse 22> . In: Berliner Adreßbuch , 1925, I, p. 1969 (Reich, F. is administrator and director; E. Reich is named as assistant (presumably the wife)).
- ^ Angela M. Arnold, Gabriele von Griesheim: Trümmer, Bahnen und Bezirke , self-published 2002; ISBN 3-00-009839-9 , p. 243.
- ^ Telephone book for the capital of the German Democratic Republic. 1989 edition; Berlin : Soz. Unity Party of Germany, district leadership Weißensee; P. 531.