Ivan Tichonowitsch Pososhkow

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Ivan Tichonowitsch Possoschkow ( Russian Иван Тихонович Посошков ; * 1652 in Pokrowski near Moscow ; † February 1 July / February 12,  1726 greg. In the Peter and Paul Fortress ) was a Russian businessman and economist .

Life

Possoschkow, the son of a farmer who pays an interest, grew up in the village of Pokrovsky, where many of the tsar's workshops were located, so that Rossoschkow could acquire a variety of technical skills. He and his brother Roman owned a vodka factory in Ujesd Lichwin in Kaluga Governorate . With the vodka trade he made a fortune, so that he bought his own houses in Novgorod and St. Petersburg and some villages. In Moscow he was commissioned to make a model of a coin-minting machine as a present for Tsar Peter . He tried unsuccessfully to lease copper coinage and playing card production .

In 1724, Possoschkov's book about poverty and wealth was published. In it he called for a limit to the serfdom of the peasants, as they did not belong to the nobles , but only to the All - Russian autocrat . There should be an upper limit on the land ownership of the nobles. Prices should be limited by penalizing overpricing. The many taxes should be replaced by a tithe as the only state tax. In the case of wealth, he separated material wealth from immaterial wealth. Material wealth for him was the wealth of the state and that of the people. By intangible wealth he understood the law, the judiciary and good government. The source of wealth for him was productive labor, while the reasons for poverty were the backwardness of agriculture, the underdevelopment of industry, and inadequate trade. To eradicate poverty and achieve prosperity, people should be encouraged to work productively and unproductive costs should be combated. Only goods that were not produced in Russia should be imported , while only finished products and no raw materials should be exported.

Possoschkow was arrested in 1725 and imprisoned in the Peter and Paul Fortress, apparently for the publication of his book on poverty and wealth.

In 1752, Possoschkows book was copied at the suggestion of Mikhail Wassiljewitsch Lomonossows for the Academy of Sciences .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Miklaschewski AN : Посошков (Иван Тихонович) . In: Brockhaus-Efron . XXIVa, 1898, p. 690-691 ( Wikisource [accessed November 5, 2018]).
  2. ↑ Русская история в портрете: Посошков Иван Тихонович (accessed November 5, 2018).
  3. ↑ Kafenhaus BB : И. Т. Посошков. Жизнь и деятельность . Изд-во АН СССР, Moscow 1951.
  4. ↑ a b c Павлов-Сильванский Н. П .: Посошков, Иван Тихонович . In: Русский биографический словарь А. А. Половцова . tape 14 , 1910, pp. 604-620 ( Wikisource [accessed November 5, 2018]).
  5. ↑ Прожектёр всея Руси . In: Коммерсантъ Деньги . No. 45 , November 16, 2015, p. 37 ( kommersant.ru [accessed November 5, 2018]).
  6. ↑ Посошков И. Т .: Книга о скудости и богатстве . 1724 ( mirkin.ru [PDF; accessed November 5, 2018]).
personal data
SURNAME Possoschkow, Ivan Tichonowitsch
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Посошков, Иван Тихонович (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian entrepreneur and economist
DATE OF BIRTH 1652
PLACE OF BIRTH Pokrovsky near Moscow
DATE OF DEATH February 12, 1726
Place of death Peter and Paul Fortress