Ivanko

Iwanko ( Bulgarian Иванко , scientific transliteration Ivanko ) was a Bulgarian Boljar who was related to the House of Assen .

Life

In 1196 Iwanko was at the head of a Boljar conspiracy, which deposed the Tsar Ivan Assen I and murdered him. Iwanko was then appointed tsar. During the conspiracy, the tsar's sons, Ivan Assen II and Alexander , fled to the Cumans . In the same year, however, Iwanko was overthrown from the throne by the intervention of the older brother of Ivan Assen I, Peter IV , who ruled as Mitzar. He fled to Byzantium , where he met Theodora Angelina, a granddaughter of the local emperor Alexios III. Angelos , who took his first name and became administrator ( strategos ) of a region in Thrace . Under the Bulgarian Tsar Kaloyan , he switched sides and fought successfully against the Byzantines, including in 1198 in the Battle of Batkun , when he took the army commander Manuel Kamytzes into captivity. In 1200 he was captured by a ruse by the Byzantines, so that there is a high probability that he died in captivity.

Because of the murder of Ivan Assen I, he is now popularly called Iwanko, the murderer of Assen, (Bulgarian Iwanko ubiezat na Assenja ). An opera also exists under this name.

swell

• Niketas Choniates , Historia 509-513; 518-519 (ed. Jan-Louis van Dieten, CFHB Vol. 11, 1975); Orationes 59-64

literature

• Charles M. Brand: Byzantium confronts the West, 1180-1204. Harvard University Press, Cambridge MA 1968, ISBN 0-8143-1764-2 , pp. 130-131.
• Jean-Claude Cheynet: Pouvoir et contestations à Byzance (963-1210) (= Publications de la Sorbonne. Series Byzantina Sorbonensia. Vol. 9). Reimpression. Publications de la Sorbonne Center de Recherches d'Histoire et de Civilization Byzantines, Paris 1996, ISBN 2-85944-168-5 , pp. 132-133, No. 188.
• Jürgen Hoffmann: Rudiments of territorial states in the Byzantine Empire (1071-1210). Ars Una, Neuried 1974, ISBN 3-89391-396-3 , pp. 51-55.
• Alexander P. Kazhdan (Ed.): The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium . Oxford University Press, New York NY 1991, ISBN 0-19-504652-8 , p. 1025.
• Alicia Simpson: Niketas Choniates. A Historiographical Study. Oxford University Press, Oxford 2013, ISBN 978-0-19-967071-0 , pp. 308-309.
• Paul Stephenson: Byzantium′s Balkan Frontier. A Political Study of the Northern Balkans, 900–1204. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge et al. 2000, ISBN 0-521-77017-3 , pp. 305-308.
• Robert Lee Wolff: The "Second Bulgarian Empire". Its Origin and History to 1204 . In: Speculum. Vol. 24, 1949, ISSN  0038-7134 , pp. 167-206.

predecessor	Office	successor
Ivan Assen I.	Tsar of Bulgaria 1196	Peter IV