Manuel Kamytzes

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Manuel Kamytzes (also Kammytzes , with full name Manuel Kamytzes Komnenos Dukas Angelos , Middle Greek Μανουήλ Καμύτζης Κομνηνός Δούκας Άγγελος ; * around 1150; † after 1202) was a Byzantine general against Alexios III rebel .

Life

Manuel was the son of the protostrator Konstantin Kamytzes and Maria Angelina , a niece of Emperor Johannes II and sister of the Sebastokrator Johannes Dukas . He was thus a cousin of the Emperors Isaac II and Alexios III. as well as the later founder of the Despotate Epirus , Michael I. Komnenos Dukas Angelos .

Under Isaac II, Kamytzes commanded the imperial troops in 1189 when the Third Crusade crossed the Byzantine territory. In the following period, the general took over several commands in the war against the rebellious Bulgarians and Cumans under Theodor-Peter and Iwan Assen . When Isaac's successor Alexios III, who had not lost a male heir and had recently lost two of his sons-in-law, fell seriously ill in the spring of 1199, Kamytzes briefly brought himself into play as a successor candidate (in competition with his uncle Johannes Dukas).

After the failed campaign in the summer of 1199 against Dobromir Chrysos , who had established a quasi-autonomous rule in eastern Macedonia in the Strumica region , Kamytzes was led by Alexios III. persuaded to give his daughter (not known by name) to the Cuman separatist as a wife. In the following year Kamytzes led a campaign against the Bulgarian rebel Ivanko in Thrace together with the newlywed sons-in-law of the emperor, Alexios Palaiologos and Theodoros Laskaris . The Byzantine troops were ambushed at Batkun and Kamytzes was captured.

Because the emperor refused to pay the ransom demanded by the Bulgarians for his cousin, Chrysus finally bought his father-in-law for 200 pounds of gold after several months in prison . Both now turned together against Byzantium and in the spring of 1201 brought large parts of Macedonia and Thessaly under their control. While Chrysos was able to add Prilep and Pelagonia in particular to his sphere of influence, Kamytzes established himself in the Larisa area .

In view of the threat posed by Kamytzes and Chrysos, Emperor Alexios III sought. after an understanding with Tsar Kaloyan , especially since now also John Spyridonakes in the east adjacent theme Smolena had his own business. Alexios III had an army under the command of his son-in-law Alexios Palaiologos first militarily eliminate Spyridonakes.

At Chrysos, Alexios III. first of all to marriage diplomacy and offered him the hand of his granddaughter Theodora Angelina ; the daughter of the Sebastokrator Isaak Komnenos had previously been married to Ivanko. After a long hesitation, Chrysus consented and in return left Prilep and Pelagonia to the emperor. As a result, Kamytzes was forced to withdraw from Thessaly to Macedonia in the fortress Stanon . In the spring of 1202, both rebels finally had to surrender to the emperor and his general Johannes Ionopolites . Kamytzes' further fate is unknown.

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literature

  • Κωνσταντίνος Βαρζός: Η Γενεαλογία των Κομνηνών. Τόμος Β ' (= Βυζαντινά Κείμενα και Μελέται. Τ. 20β , ISSN  1106-6180 ). Κέντρο Βυζαντινών Ερευνών - ΑΠΘ, Θεσσαλονίκη 1984 ( PDF file; 45.5 MB ), pp. 690–713 no. 175.
  • Charles M. Brand: Byzantium confronts the West, 1180-1204. Harvard University Press, Cambridge MA 1968, ISBN 0-81-431764-2 , pp. 127-132.
  • Jean-Claude Cheynet: Pouvoir et contestations à Byzance (963-1210) (= Publications de la Sorbonne. Series Byzantina Sorbonensia. Vol. 9). Reimpression. Publications de la Sorbonne Center de Recherches d'Histoire et de Civilization Byzantines, Paris 1996, ISBN 2-85944-168-5 , p. 131 no.184 and p.137 no.196 .
  • Jan-Louis van Dieten: Niketas Choniates. Explanations of the speeches and letters together with a biography (= Supplementa Byzantina. Vol. 2). Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York NY 1971, ISBN 3-11-002290-7 , pp. 129-136.
  • John Van Antwerp Fine: The Late Medieval Balkans: A critical Survey from the late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor MI 1994, ISBN 0-472-08260-4 , pp. 30-32, 36-37.
  • Rodolphe Guilland: Recherches sur les institutions byzantines. Vol. 1 (= Berlin Byzantine Works. Vol. 35). Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1967, p. 482.
  • Jürgen Hoffmann: Rudiments of territorial states in the Byzantine Empire (1071-1210). Ars Una, Neuried 1974, ISBN 3-89391-396-3 , pp. 47-50.
  • Alexander P. Kazhdan (Ed.): The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium . Oxford University Press, New York NY 1991, ISBN 0-19-504652-8 , pp. 1099-1100.
  • Alexis GC Savvides: Internal Strife and Unrest in Later Byzantium, XIth – XIIIth Centuries (AD 1025–1261). The Case of Urban and Provincial Insurrections (Causes and Effects). In: Σύμμεικτα KBE / EΙE. Vol. 7, 1987, ISSN  1105-1639 , pp. 237-273, here: pp. 266, 272.
  • Alicia Simpson: Niketas Choniates. A Historiographical Study. Oxford University Press, Oxford 2013, ISBN 978-0-19-967071-0 , pp. 212-213, 309-310.
  • Paul Stephenson: Byzantium′s Balkan Frontier. A Political Study of the Northern Balkans, 900–1204. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2000, ISBN 0-521-77017-3 , pp. 307-310.
  • Тома Томов: Добромир Хриз, който владееше Просек и Струмица. In: Анамнеза. Vol. 3, No. 1, 2008, pp. 97–115 ( PDF file; 2.2 MB ).

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Manuel Kamytzes
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Manuel Kammytzes; Manuel Kamytzes Komnenos Dukas Angelos (full name); Μανουήλ Καμύτζης Κομνηνός Δούκας Άγγελος (Middle Greek)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Byzantine general and rebel against Emperor Alexios III.
DATE OF BIRTH uncertain: around 1150
DATE OF DEATH after 1202