Kaliman I. Assen

Kaliman I. Assen ( Bulgarian Калиман I Асен , scientific transliteration Kaliman Asen, also Koloman I. Assen; * 1234 , † 1246 ) was Bulgarian tsar from the Assen dynasty between 1241 and 1246 . He was the son of Tsar Ivan Assen II from his second marriage to the Hungarian Princess Anna Maria, the daughter of King Andrew II of Hungary. Since Kaliman was a minor at the age of seven, the country was ruled by a regency.

The brief reign of Kaliman I. Assen was marked by the Mongol invasion of 1242/43, when Batu's return from Hungary , when his troops crossed Serbia and northern Bulgaria. In view of the ensuing defeats, the regency committed itself to annual tribute payments to the Golden Horde . In addition to the foreign policy problems, there were also domestic policy problems. A Boljaren group around the third wife of Iwan Assen II., Irene Komnene , finally succeeded in 1246 in the murder of the underage Kaliman I and the coronation of the also underage Michael II. Assen .

literature

• Detlef Kulman : Kaliman I. In: Mathias Bernath, Felix von Schroeder (Ed.), Gerda Bartl (Red.): Biographical Lexicon for the History of Southeast Europe . Volume 2. Oldenbourg, Munich 1976, ISBN 3-486-49241-1 , p. 321 f.
• Constantin Jos. Jireček : History of the Bulgarians. Publishing house by F. Tempsky, Prague 1876 (reprint. Olms, Hildesheim et al. 1977, ISBN 3-487-06408-1 ).
• John VA Fine, Jr .: The Late Medieval Balkans. A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor 1987, ISBN 0-472-10079-3 .

predecessor	Office	successor
Ivan Assen II.	Tsar of Bulgaria 1241–1246	Michael II. Assen