Izborsk
| Izborsk | ||
|---|---|---|
 Medieval Russian fortress Staryi Izborsk |
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| Conservation status: | ruin | |
| Place: | Izborsk ( Russian Изборск ) | |
| Geographical location | 57 ° 42 '37.1 " N , 27 ° 51' 33.4" E | |
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Isborsk ( Russian Изборск ) is a village with an old Russian castle west of Pskow , not far from the Estonian border.
history
Along with Veliky Novgorod and Beloosero, Izborsk is the earliest mentioned castle in Old Russian historiography.
It is located in the originally Baltic Finnish settlement area, possibly that of the Tschuden . In 862, according to the Nestor Chronicle, the tribes of the Ilmensee Slovenes , the Tschuden, Kriwitschen and Wes asked leaders of the Rus to rule over them. Izborsk became the seat of Truvor , brother of Rurik . From 907 Pskov was obviously the dominant castle in the region.
The next mention of the castle in Old Russian chronicles is dated to 1233, when Izborsk was temporarily occupied by the Livonian Brotherhood of the Sword . The recurring clashes with the knights of the order lasted until the 16th century. In 1330 the castle was rebuilt at a different location. The oldest preserved building is the Lukowka Tower. It was the only stone building in the area and completed a wooden wall. Seven more stone towers and the stone Kremlin wall were built up until the 15th century .
In 1510 Izborsk came to the Grand Duchy of Moscow . The Church of the Nativity of Christ in the Izborsk Kremlin was built in the 16th century. From 1581–1582 it belonged to the Polish Aristocratic Republic as a result of the Livonian War , before it was returned to Moscow under the Treaty of Jam Zapolski .
From 1708 Izborsk belonged to the Ingermanland governorate (renamed to the governorate Saint Petersburg in 1710 ), from 1772 to 1920 to the governorate Pskov .
After the Peace of Dorpat , which was concluded in 1920 , the Russian-Estonian border ran east of Isborsk, so that the city came under the Estonian name Irboska to Estonia. During the Second World War it was largely destroyed under German occupation. When Estonia fell to the Soviet Union in 1945 , the border between the two Russian SFSR and the Estonian SSR was also moved westward. Since then, Izborsk has been Russian again.
Archaeological excavations
In 1924 excavations took place under the direction of the Swedish archaeologist Birger Nerman .
museum
Since 1998 there is a museum in Izborsk, u. a. for stone crosses.
Web links
Remarks
- ↑ Lived u. a. in today's Estonia, around Tartu and probably also on Lake Peipus ( Tschudskoje osero ) north of Izborsk . The Kriviches lived south around Polatsk , and there is no written record for the Izborsk region.