Pskov governorate

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Coat of arms of the governorate
Map from 1821 Russian / French

The Pskov Governorate ( Russian Псковская губерния / Pskowskaja gubernija ) was an administrative unit of the Russian Empire and the Russian SFSR . It bordered (clockwise from the north) with the following governorates : St. Petersburg , Novgorod , Tver , Smolensk , Vitebsk and Livonia . The capital was Pskov .

Compared to today 's Pskov Oblast , it reached further to the east, but less far to the north.

history

The governorate was established in 1772 as part of the First Partition of Poland in order to administer subdivision areas, which became irrelevant when the governorates of Polotsk and Vitebsk were established a few years later . In 1777 it was re-established as a Lieutenancy . It existed until 1927 when it was assigned to Leningrad Oblast .

From 1802 the governorate was divided into eight Ujesde :

Ujesde of the government of Pskov (as of 1802 to 1924, census data of 28 January jul. / February 9, 1897 greg. )
designation Russian Administrative headquarters Residents Area
(km²) 		Population
density
(inh / km²) 		Urban
population 		Rural
population 		City
District (%) 		Female
population 		Male
population
Cholm
(Cholmski ujesd) 		Холмский уезд Cholm 88,157 6,502 13.6 5,894 82,263 7.2 46.506 41,651
Novorschew
(Novorschewski ujesd) 		Новоржевский уезд Novorschew 113,769 3,696 30.8 2,838 110.931 2.6 59,583 54.186
Opotschka
(Opotschezki ujesd) 		Опочецкий уезд Opochka 135,654 4,632 29.3 5,735 129,919 4.4 69,945 65,709
Ostrow
(Ostrowski ujesd) 		Островский уезд Ostrow 161,877 4,959 32.6 6,268 155,609 4.0 83,466 78.411
Porchow
(Porchowski ujesd) 		Порховский уезд Porchow 175,853 6,881 25.6 5,551 170.302 3.3 91,838 84.015
Pskov
(Pskowski ujesd) 		Псковский уезд Pskov 226,756 5,852 38.7 30,478 196.278 15.5 115.231 111,525
Toropez
(Toropezki ujesd) 		Торопецкий уезд Toropez 96,472 5,943 16.2 7,368 89.104 8.3 50,489 45,983
Velikije Luki
(Velikoluzki ujesd) 		Великолуцкий уезд Velikiye Luki 123.779 4,749 26.1 8,466 115.313 7.3 65,627 58,152
total 1,122,317 43.214 26.0 72,598 1,049,719 6.9 582,685 539.632

After the October Revolution of 1917, the government continued to exist as part of the RSFSR. In 1920 part of the Ujesd Pskow was surrendered to the now independent Estonia (area around Pechory , Estonian Petseri , according to the Treaty of Tartu of March 2, 1920), and parts of the Ujesde Ostrow and Pskow to Latvia (area around Pytalowo , according to the Treaty of Riga dated August 11, 1920).

On March 24, 1924, with the dissolution of the Vitebsk Governorate, its Ujesde Newel , Sebesch and Velisch came to the Pskow Governorate and thus to the RSFSR (the greater part of the Vitebsk Governorate remained with the Belarusian SSR , initially in the form of the Okruge Polotsk and Vitebsk ).

Ujesde of the Pskov Governorate (as of 1924–1927, data from the census of December 17, 1926)
designation Russian Administrative headquarters Residents Area
(km²) 		Population
density
(inh / km²) 		Urban
population 		Rural
population 		City
District (%) 		Cities Villages Female
population 		Male
population
Cholm
(Cholmski ujesd) 		Холмский уезд Cholm 109,071 6,041 18.1 5,533 103,538 5.1 1 2,105 57,305 51,766
Newel
(Newelski ujesd) 		Невельский уезд Newel 150.030 4.174 35.9 12,923 137.107 8.6 1 2,618 77,633 72,397
Novorschew
(Novorschewski ujesd) 		Новоржевский уезд Novorschew 149,448 3.712 40.3 3,051 146.397 2.0 1 2,189 78.164 71.284
Opotschka
(Opotschezki ujesd) 		Опочецкий уезд Opochka 163.231 4,277 38.2 7.146 156.085 4.4 1 3.210 85.172 78.059
Ostrow
(Ostrowski ujesd) 		Островский уезд Ostrow 146.059 3,431 42.6 8.094 137.965 5.5 1 2,356 76,546 69,513
Porchow
(Porchowski ujesd) 		Порховский уезд Porchow 221,651 6,357 34.9 19,533 202.118 8.8 3 2,465 116,653 104.998
Pskov
(Pskowski ujesd) 		Псковский уезд Pskov 219.254 4,480 48.9 43,857 175.397 20.0 1 2,256 114,646 104,608
Sebesch
(Sebeschski ujesd) 		Себежский уезд Sebesch 127,779 4,070 31.4 7,396 120,383 5.8 2 2,029 66,044 61,735
Toropez
(Toropezki ujesd) 		Торопецкий уезд Toropez 128.015 5,143 24.9 13,903 114.112 10.9 3 2,976 66,465 61,550
Velikije Luki
(Velikolukski ujesd) 		Великолукский уезд Velikiye Luki 245,639 6,056 40.6 25,447 220.192 10.4 2 4,527 127.245 118.394
Welisch
(Welischski ujesd) 		Велижский уезд Welisch 128.241 3,975 32.3 11,286 116.955 8.8 2 1,127 66,577 61,664
total 1,788,418 51,716 34.6 158.169 1,630,249 8.8 18th 27,858 932.450 855.968

Notes on the tables:

  1. ↑ converted from square werst
  2. ↑ including urban settlements

statistics

At the first Russian census in 1897, 1,063,007 residents were Russians (almost 95%) and 25,458 Estonians (2%), along with smaller groups of Jews, Poles, Germans and Latvians. The capital Pskov had 30,478 inhabitants.

The main line of business was agriculture. The harvest in 1903 was 113,723 tons of rye, 132,290 tons of oats, 63,326 tons of barley, 10,108 tons of peas and 229,967 tons of potatoes. Flax cultivation was of particular importance, in which Pskov surpasses almost all other governorates. In 1903, 28,000 tons of flax fiber were harvested and the acreage was 110,000 hectares. Livestock farming was less developed. In 1903 there were 215,000 horses, 470,000 cattle, 360,000 sheep (only coarse wool) and 165,000 pigs. Industry was quite insignificant; In 1900 there were 166 industrial establishments with about 4,000 workers and a production value of 31.1 million rubles, of which 122 were in flax processing plants. Trade was of greater importance, favored by the proximity of the Baltic ports and the relatively numerous railways. The main trading centers were Pskov and Ostrov.

Web links

Commons : Pskov Governorate  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Первая советская реформа, укрупнение единиц административно-территориального деления в 1923 .—1929 г 1923. (soot.)
  2. ^ Gouvernement Pskow in the first general census of the Russian Empire (1897); on demoscope.ru. Retrieved January 4, 2019 (Russian)
  3. ^ Gouvernement Pskow in the general census of the Soviet Union (1926); on demoscope.ru. Retrieved June 25, 2019 (Russian)

Coordinates: 57 ° 30 '  N , 29 ° 0'  E