Ústí nad Labem Jewish community
Coordinates: 50 ° 39 ′ 29.9 ″ N , 14 ° 2 ′ 19.9 ″ E
The Jewish community in Ústí nad Labem (German Aussig), a city in the north of Bohemia in the Czech Republic , came into being in the mid-19th century and was wiped out by the Holocaust .
history
For a long time the royal city of Aussig had the privilege of not having to tolerate any Jews within its walls. Only shortly before 1850 were Jewish families able to settle permanently in Aussig. In the second half of the 19th century, the number of Jewish residents increased very quickly. A few years later, the Jewish community founded in 1863 became the Jewish community of Aussig .
After anti - Semitic agitation in the mid-1930s, some wealthy Jews emigrated. In the summer of 1938 z. E.g. the industrial families Petschek and Weinmann are safe abroad.
time of the nationalsocialism
Before the Germans marched into the Sudetenland in October 1938 (see Munich Agreement ), the National Socialists smashed the displays of Jewish shops. During the November pogroms in 1938 , the Jewish citizens were arrested and the synagogue was damaged. In July 1939, District Office 10 for the Sudetenland of the legally mandated Reich Association of Jews in Germany was set up in Aussig , and Arnold Glässner became its representative in the Aussig administrative district .
At the end of 1941 / beginning of 1942, the older Jews from Aussig who were unable to work were forcibly relocated to the dilapidated Schönwald Castle , which was owned by the city of Aussig. From here they were deported to the Theresienstadt ghetto or directly to the extermination camps in occupied Poland .
Of the members of the Jewish community in Aussig, only about 200 survived the persecution while emigrating. After the end of the war, only three Jewish families returned to Ústí nad Labem .
Since 1945
In 2000, the independent Jewish community in Ústí had 50 members, of whom only 17 lived in Ústí nad Labem. In mid-2005 the number of people had shrunk to 38.
Community development
| year | Jews |
|---|---|
| 1872 | 37 people |
| 1880 | 295 people |
| 1890 | 479 people |
| 1800 | 840 people |
| 1910 | 984 people |
| 1921 | 976 people |
| 1930 | 985 people |
| 1939 | 955 people |
| 1942 | approx. 200 people |
| 1951 | approx. 50 people |
| 2004 | approx. 40 people |
rabbi
- 1909 to 1919: Arthur Rosenzweig (1883–1936), during the First World War he was field rabbi
- From September 1, 1921: J. Stößler (see also under literature)
Associations
- Chewra Kadisha , the funeral company was founded in 1872
- Women's association, founded in 1878
- Temple Choir Association (Synagogue Choir ), founded in 1901
- Volksverein Theodor Herzl , founded in 1911
- Makkabi gymnastics and sports club, founded in 1919
- Wanderbund Blauweiß , local branch of the WIZO
See also
- Synagogue (Ústí nad Labem)
- Old Jewish cemetery ( Ústí nad Labem )
- New Jewish cemetery ( Ústí nad Labem )
literature
- Klaus-Dieter Alicke: Lexicon of the Jewish communities in the German-speaking area. Volume 1: Aach - Groß-Bieberau. Gütersloher Verlagshaus, Gütersloh 2008, ISBN 978-3-579-08077-2 ( online edition ).
- J. Stößler: History of the Jews in Aussig adE. In: Hugo Gold , The Jews and Jewish communities of Bohemia in the past and present , Jüdischer Buch- und Kunstverlag, Brünn-Prag 1934, pp. 19–22 ( online ).
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Jörg Osterloh: National Socialist Persecution of Jews in the Reichsgau Sudetenland 1938–1945 . Munich: Oldenbourg, 2006, ISBN 978-3-486-57980-2 , p. 486
- ^ Jörg Osterloh: National Socialist Persecution of Jews in the Reichsgau Sudetenland 1938–1945 . Munich: Oldenbourg, 2006, ISBN 978-3-486-57980-2 , pp. 493-495