Adelsdorf Jewish community
The Jewish community in Adelsdorf , a community in the Erlangen-Höchstadt district ( Bavaria ), has existed since the 16th century.
history
In 1448 a Jew was mentioned for the first time and in 1525 the two Jews, Blessed and Leb, were handed down. In 1598 there were four Jewish houses that belonged to the rule of the Stiebar family.
In 1630 the Adelsdorf municipal code regulates the fees for the immigration of Jewish families. In 1699 there were pogroms against Jewish communities in Upper Franconia due to the high prices and the grain shortage that Jews were accused of. In Adelsdorf, too, the houses of the Jewish residents were destroyed and robbed. In 1709 and 1771 there were three Jewish households each and after that the number of Jewish residents increased again.
Until around 1845 Adelsdorf was the seat of its own rabbinate ( District Rabbinate Adelsdorf ), which was probably established in the middle or end of the 17th century. After that, the Jewish community in Adelsdorf had hired a religion teacher who was also active as a prayer leader and slaughterer . The Jewish community buried their dead in the cemetery in Zeckern .
The Jewish families were probably integrated into the life of the place since the middle of the 19th century. The following Jewish residents were among the founders of the volunteer fire brigade in 1878: Simon Löwi, Nathan Regensburger, Abraham Salomon, Jakob Strauss, Abraham Wassermann, Simon Strauss and Salomon Wassermann. The Jewish business people were of great importance for the economic development in Adelsdorf.
synagogue
The first synagogue in Adelsdorf was built in the middle of the 17th century in Adelshardsgasse. There were several Jewish houses in this part of the village. In 1699 the synagogue was destroyed in a pogrom.
The construction of a new synagogue can only be verified for 1822. The synagogue building was also where the cantor's apartment was located.
During the November pogrom in 1938 , the interior of the synagogue was destroyed by SS men and members of the Reich Labor Service .
In 1941 the Adelsdorf community bought the synagogue building and used it as a fire station . After a new fire station was built, the former synagogue was sold to a businessman who had the building demolished in 1979.
Community development
| year | Parishioners |
|---|---|
| 1685 | 70 people |
| 1690 | 110 people, about 12% of the population |
| 1735 | 161 people, about 32% of the population |
| 1812 | 260 people |
| 1824 | 283 people, about 31% of the population |
| 1840 | 216 people |
| 1852 | 183 people, about 20% of the population |
| 1875 | 90 people |
| 1890 | 79 people |
| 1910 | 68 people, about 7% of the population |
| 1925 | 64 people |
| 1933 | 60 people |
| 1939 | 23 people |
| 1942 | 11 people |
National Socialist Persecution
Many of the 60 Jewish citizens who lived in Adelsdorf in 1933 moved to larger towns or were able to emigrate . During the November pogrom in 1938, all houses belonging to Jewish families were demolished. The last Jews living in Adelsdorf were deported and murdered in 1942 .
The memorial book of the Federal Archives lists 28 Jewish citizens born in Adelsdorf who fell victim to the genocide of the National Socialist regime .
Commemoration
In November 2000 a memorial stone was erected for the Jewish citizens from Adelsdorf who were murdered during the National Socialist era . The inscription on the memorial stone reads: In memory of our Jewish fellow citizens, who were oppressed, kidnapped, tortured and murdered by the tyranny of the National Socialists .
literature
- Klaus-Dieter Alicke: Lexicon of the Jewish communities in the German-speaking area. Volume 1: Aach - Groß-Bieberau. Gütersloher Verlagshaus, Gütersloh 2008, ISBN 978-3-579-08077-2 ( online edition ).
- Traces of the Jewish past in Adelsdorf . Edited by the working group Jewish rural communities an Aisch and Ebrach, Adelsdorf 1996, ISBN 3-00-001051-3 [not evaluated].