Jewish community Bibergau
The Jewish community of Bibergau was an Israelite cultural community in the area of today's Dettelbacher district Bibergau in the Lower Franconian district of Kitzingen .
history
As early as the 17th century there was a Jewish community in Bibergau, which was subordinate to the Johannites . In 1691, the Jews in the village were exposed to some rumors that they had committed a ritual murder of the three-year-old son of Jakob Essenfelder, a citizen of Euerfeld . After the population was already raging against the Jews, the Würzburg prince-bishop Johann Gottfried von Guttenberg intervened and protected them from unjustified attacks by the population.
In the 18th century the community grew rapidly and was soon one of the largest in the east of the Würzburg bishopric . With the permission of the village lords, then the Johanniter and the University of Würzburg , the Jews were allowed to elect a head, the so-called Barnos . He represented the Jewish community to the authorities. In 1758 there were 18 Jewish families who were considered to be Johanniter protection Jews, 13 families were protection Jews of the university.
With the establishment of so-called matriculation places in the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1817, Bibergau received 30 matriculation places. Most of the Jewish families lived from trade. In 1830, ten families in the community owned their own farm, and other people were registered as homeowners. Several Jewish craftsmen were recognized in the village, including a butcher, a tailor, a soap boiler and a cutlery dealer.
In the village there was a synagogue , a Jewish school, a teacher's apartment and a mikveh . The teacher employed by the community served as a prayer leader and a shochet at the same time . When the community moved away in the second half of the 19th century, the community was merged with the one in Dettelbach in 1889. In 1907 the community sold the synagogue, it burned down in 1930 and was never rebuilt.
At the time of the National Socialist seizure of power , five people of Jewish faith still lived in Bibergau. Before 1939, one of these residents moved to another city, so that four Jews were still living in the village at the beginning of the war . In April 1942, Sara Lina Henochstein and her son were deported to Izbica via Würzburg . In September 1942, Rosa and Pauline Laubheim were taken to Theresienstadt in the ghetto there.
Community development
From 1913, the community was assigned to the Bavarian district rabbinate of Würzburg .
| year | Members | year | Members | year | Members | year | Members | year | Members | year | Members | year | Members |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1816 | 131 | 1830 | 149 | 1875 | 77 | 1890 | 26th | 1910 | 6th | 1933 | 5 | 1942 | 2 |
literature
- Josef Mack: The Jewish community in Bibergau . In: Bibergau 1994. A village introduces itself . Markt Erlbach 1994. pp. 150-153.
- Werner Steinhauser: Jews in and around Prichsenstadt . Prichsenstadt 2002.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Alemannia Judaica: Jewish History in Bibergau , accessed on December 21, 2016.
- ^ Mack, Josef: The Jewish community in Bibergau . P. 151.
- ^ Mack, Josef: The Jewish community in Bibergau . P. 152 f.
- ↑ Steinhauser, Werner: Jews in and around Prichsenstadt . P. 12.
- ^ Mack, Josef: The Jewish community in Bibergau . P. 152.