Edesheim Jewish Community
The Edesheim Jewish community in Edesheim existed until the early 1930s. She belonged to the district rabbinate Landau .
history
Although Edesheim belonged to the Speyer monastery until the beginning of the 19th century , which did not allow any settlement of Jews in its domain, Jews are mentioned in the Edesheim area as early as the middle of the 17th century. In 1775 4 Jewish families are mentioned in Edesheim. The Jewish community belonged to the Landau district rabbinate created in 1828. The number of members of the Jewish community in Edesheim increased steadily until the second third of the 19th century. Around 1855 there was a dispute between the Jewish community of Edesheim and the then district rabbi Elias Grünebaum . Grünebaum carried out a reform of the communities in his district. All Jewish communities with fewer than 15 families lost their independence and were merged with the neighboring communities. Since Edesheim only had 14 Jewish families at that time, the synagogue and school were closed, the teacher was transferred and the strictly Orthodox members of the Jewish community were incorporated into the liberal Jewish community of Edenkoben. After an article in the Jeschurun magazine and several articles in the Allgemeine Zeitung des Judentums , the Edesheim Jews won the dispute and the synagogue and school were reopened. In 1880 there was a wave of emigration, mainly to the United States . This meant that the number of Jewish residents of Edesheim also fell sharply. Already in the 1920s, services were celebrated in the synagogue Edesheim only sporadically since the require for implementing the minyan was not always achieved more. In 1925 the Jewish community officially belonged to the Jewish community of Edenkoben . In 1931 the synagogue was given up and sold and the Jewish community in Edesheim ceased to exist. From 1933, after the seizure of power of Adolf Hitler , the Jewish inhabitants were increasingly disenfranchised. During the November pogroms in 1938 , the houses of the Jews still living in Edesheim were devastated. The last inhabitants of the Jewish faith were deported to the French internment camp Gurs in October 1940 as part of the so-called Wagner-Bürckel campaign
Development of the Jewish population
| year | Jews | Jewish families | comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1775 | 4th | ||
| 1785 | 3 | ||
| 1801 | 17th | 1.2 percent of the population | |
| 1804 | 16 | ||
| 1808 | 30th | 1.9 percent of the population | |
| 1823/25 | 41 | ||
| 1836 | 43 | ||
| 1848 | 67 | 16 | |
| 1855 | 14th | ||
| 1875 | 67 | ||
| 1900 | 33 or 53 | Here the sources give different numbers | |
| 1925 | 21st | ||
| 1932 | 7th | ||
| 1933 | 7th | ||
| 1939 | 5 |
Source: alemannia-judaica.de; jewische-gemeinden.de
Facilities
synagogue
The synagogue at Luitpoldstrasse 22 was established after 1830 in a building acquired by the Jewish community. From 1925 the synagogue was only used sporadically and sold in 1931. The building has been rebuilt several times and is now used as a nightspot.
graveyard
The Jewish community did not have its own cemetery. The deceased were buried in the Jewish cemetery in Essingen (Palatinate), established in 1618 .
school
The school and the teacher's apartment were on the first floor of the synagogue. At times, a separate religion teacher was employed, who also performed the duties of prayer leader and shochet . At the beginning of the 20th century, the number of pupils had declined to such an extent that only religious instruction was given. From this point on, regular lessons took place at the Jewish elementary school in Edenkoben and then in the Catholic elementary school in Edesheim.
Holocaust victim
In the memorial book - Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny 1933–1945 and in the Central Database of the Names of the Holocaust Victims of Yad Vashem , the following members of the Edesheim Jewish community (who were born there or lived temporarily) are listed who were during the time of Nazism were murdered:
| Surname | First name | Time of death | Age | Place of death | comment | swell |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Isaac | Simon | February 8, 1940 | 71 years | Gurs internment camp | Imprisoned in Dachau concentration camp from November 15 to November 28, 1938 . Deported on October 22nd from Mannheim to the Gurs internment camp. | Yad Vashem (database, record no. 11527962) / memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany |
| Levy | Heinrich | July 28, 1941 | 64 years | Recebedou Detention Center | Deportation on October 22, 1940 to the Gurs internment camp and from there to the Recebedou internment camp at an unknown time | Yad Vashem (database, data set No. 3197413 and 11574948) / Memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany |
| Levy | Max Samuel | October 1, 1942 | 84 years | Theresienstadt ghetto | Deported from Frankfurt am Main on September 15, 1942 to Theresienstadt ghetto. | Yad Vashem (database, record no. 11575519) / memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany |
| Levy | Sigmund | September 1, 1942 | 87 years | Theresienstadt ghetto. | Deported from Frankfurt am Main on August 18, 1942 to Theresienstadt ghetto. | Yad Vashem (database, record no. 4788672) / Memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany |
| Machol | Mathilde | unknown | unknown | Majdanek concentration camp | Deported from Munich on April 3 or 4, 1942 to the Piaski ghetto . Deported in 1943 to the Majdanek concentration camp. | Yad Vashem (database, record no. 11586480) / Memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany |
| Michel | Karl Charles | unknown | unknown | Majdanek concentration camp | Emigrated to Monaco in 1933. Deportation from the Drancy assembly camp on March 6, 1943 to the Majdanek concentration camp. | Yad Vashem (database, record no. 11595533) / memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany |
| Michel | Edith | 1944 | 16 years | Auschwitz concentration camp | Deportation from Cologne on June 15, 1942 to Ghetto Theresienstadt (Transport III / 1. Deportation number in Transport 158). Deportation from Ghetto Theresienstadt on October 9, 1944 to Auschwitz concentration camp (Transport Ep. Deportation number in Transport 158). | Yad Vashem (database, record nos. 4903640 and 11595464) / memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany |
| Michel | Ludwig | January 30, 1943 | 56 years | Auschwitz concentration camp | Emigrated to Belgium. Imprisoned in the Papenburg camp until 1942 . 1942 deportation to the Auschwitz concentration camp. | Yad Vashem (database, data set No. 5412034 and 11595539) / Memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany |
| Michel | Sally | unknown | unknown | Auschwitz concentration camp | Deportation from Trier on June 15, 1942 to Theresienstadt ghetto. Deported to Auschwitz concentration camp on October 9, 1944. | Yad Vashem (database, record no. 11595576) / Memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany |
| Samson | Isidor Eugene | unknown | unknown | Auschwitz concentration camp | Deportation from Edesheim on October 22, 1940 to the Gurs internment camp. Deportation on September 4, 1942 via the Drancy assembly camp to Auschwitz concentration camp. | Yad Vashem (database, record no. 10603529) / memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany |
| Samson | Karl | December 13, 1940 | 65 years | Gurs internment camp | Deportation from Karlsruhe on October 22, 1940 to the Gurs internment camp. | Yad Vashem (database, record no.11622625) / Memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany |
| Samson | Kurt | unknown | unknown | Minsk ghetto | Deportation from Hamburg on November 8, 1941 | Yad Vashem (database, record no. 11622660) / Memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany |
| Schnerb | Emma | unknown | unknown | Auschwitz concentration camp | Deportation on February 10, 1944 from Drancy assembly camp to Auschwitz concentration camp (Transport 68 von Drancy) | Yad Vashem (database, dataset No. 3217245 and 11628070) / Memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany |
literature
- Cilli Kasper-Holtkatte: Jews on the move. On the social history of a minority in the Saar-Mosel area around 1800. In: Helmut Castritius (Ed.), Alfred Haverkamp (Ed.), Franz Irsigler (Ed.), Stefi Jersch-Wenzel (Ed.): Research on the history of the Jews (= Research on the history of the Jews. Volume 3). Hahnsche Buchhandlung Verlag, Hanover 1996, ISBN 978-3775256124 . ( online )
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Edesheim . alemannia-judaica.de. Retrieved April 17, 2020.
- ↑ a b Edesheim ad Weinstrasse (Rhineland-Palatinate) . jewische-gemeinden.de. Retrieved April 17, 2020.
- ↑ Commemorative Book Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933–1945 . Federal Archives. Retrieved April 17, 2020.
- ^ Central database of the names of Holocaust victims . Yad Vashem - International Holocaust Memorial. Retrieved April 17, 2020.