Jewish cemetery (Brandshagen)

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Jewish cemetery in Niederhof 1880 - top half left next to the ring wall - without signature
Jewish cemetery in Niederhof - as it was in 2008
Jewish cemetery Niederhof - status 2016

The Brandshagen Jewish cemetery is located north of Niederhof . This place belongs to Brandshagen , a district of the municipality Sundhagen in the district of Vorpommern-Rügen in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern .

description

The Jewish cemetery is located in the western part of the nature reserve Kormorankolonie near Niederhof . The cemetery is located on a wooded Slavic ring wall not far from the sound near one of the largest cormorant colonies in Central Europe. The area of ​​the cemetery is about 2.80 ares. There are still 60 tombstones or remains of tombstones, of which 26 are in their original position and in good condition. Jewish cemeteries were designated as burial sites on the official maps and signed with an L instead of a †. The Prussian original measuring table sheet from 1835 contains an inscription as: "Juden Kirchhof", but the measuring table sheet from 1880 shows no signature and no inscription. Most of the time, the squares were laid out far outside the cities or municipalities, mostly in the Scheunenviertel or similarly remote places. Here in Niederhof, a location on the remote castle wall is typical. A memorial stone has been erected in memory of the Jews murdered during the Nazi era.

history

The Jewish cemetery is the oldest surviving Jewish cemetery on the Baltic coast. It was created by the Jewish community that has existed in Stralsund since 1765. She was not allowed to create a burial place in Stralsund and was forced to bury her dead in Bad Sülze first. In 1776 the daughter of the Stralsund Jewish coin agent Hertz died. The mint director Joachim Ulrich Giese allowed him to bury the child in his estate park near Gut Niederhof. In the course of the following decades further burials took place in Niederhof. Jews from Stralsund, Greifswald and other West Pomeranian cities were buried here until 1850. During the Nazi era, the cemetery was not destroyed, but it fell into disrepair because Jewish communities were no longer able to maintain the cemetery.

In the 1950s, individual tombstones were still removed as building material, and there was also desecration. The extraordinarily beautiful cemetery has been declared a cultural monument since 1964. A memorial stone with the inscription: "Erected in memory of those who rest here in peace and to commemorate the six million murdered Jewish people" was erected on a foundation made of the fragments of broken tombstones. A Dr. Ehmke from the region saved many stones from the cemetery that had been scattered for building purposes and brought them back. Exhibitions on the history of the cemetery took place in Zingst (church), Brandshagen (church), Berlin (Teasing gallery), Greifswald (cathedral tower gallery) and Röbel (Engel'scher Hof-Alte Synagoge). A gravestone by Dore Kirtstein found in Wusterhusen was shown in the exhibitions in Greifswald and Röbel and could be assigned to the Greifswald cemetery, which no longer exists, after everything initially seemed to indicate Niederhof. This stone was given to the Pomeranian State Museum in 2008 and is to be exhibited there on the history of the Jews in Pomerania.

In 1990 the 60 stones mentioned or their remains could still be identified. In 1999 the enclosure was built to protect this unique facility with the 26 standing marks. A comprehensive restoration took place after 2008. All stones were cleaned, fastened and the writings restored. The facility is now well maintained.

  • The memorial stone from 1964 in the Niederhof cemetery

  • Collection of the rescued fragments at Niederhof cemetery

  • Restored stones with writing to the west

  • Layout of the Jewish cemetery from the northeast

See also

literature

  • Michael Brocke, Eckehard Ruthenberg, Kai Uwe Schulenburg: Stone and Name. The Jewish cemeteries in East Germany (New Federal States / GDR and Berlin). Institute Church and Judaism Berlin 1994, ISBN 3-923095-19-8 . (This source contains numerous inaccuracies and errors and is therefore only of limited scientific and historical suitability.)
  • “Memorials for the Victims of National Socialism”, Volume II, Bonn 2000
  • Martin Kaule: Baltic Sea Coast 1933–1945. Ch. Links 2011, ISBN 978-3-86153-611-6 .
  • Brandshagen. In: Klaus-Dieter Alicke: Lexicon of the Jewish communities in the German-speaking area. Volume 3: Ochtrup - Zwittau. Gütersloher Verlagshaus, Gütersloh 2008, ISBN 978-3-579-08079-6 ( online version ) (not evaluated)
  • Klaus-Dieter Ehmke: The "good place of Niederhof" in: The fascist pogrom from 9./10. November 1938 - On the history of the Jews in Pomerania, Scientific contributions from the Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University of Greifswald, 1989
  • Lothar Heinke, 2004, https://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/beruf-arzt-hobby-leben/485518.html
  • 2004, http://obermayer.us/award/awardees/ehmke-ger.htm

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Text: Research project “Jewish cemeteries” at the University of Applied Sciences Neubrandenburg, published in: https://www.kleks-online.de/editor/?element_id=148500&lang=de
  2. ↑ Text: Research project “Jewish cemeteries” at the University of Applied Sciences Neubrandenburg, published in: https://www.kleks-online.de/editor/?element_id=148500&lang=de

Web links

Commons : Jüdischer Friedhof (Brandshagen)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files