Niederhof (Sundhagen)
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Niederhof
Sundhagen municipality
Coordinates: 54 ° 15 ′ 18 ″ N , 13 ° 11 ′ 34 ″ E
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| Height : | 5 m above sea level NN | |
| Residents : | 62 (December 31, 2015) | |
| Postal code : | 18519 | |
| Area code : | 038333 | |
Location of Niederhof in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania |
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Niederhof is a district of the municipality of Sundhagen in the district of Vorpommern-Rügen .
Geography and traffic
Niederhof is located 19 kilometers northeast of the city of Grimmen , 9 kilometers south of Stralsund and 22 kilometers northwest of Greifswald . To the west runs the former federal highway 96 , the current federal highway 105 , next to it the four-lane highway B 96. Since 1863, the Greifswald – Stralsund railway has been running further west of the village .
history
The early settlement is archaeologically proven by the Slavic Niederhofer castle wall on the 11 m high terrain spur on the Strelasund with many finds. It is registered as a ground monument of regional importance and its shape is well preserved.
In contrast, Niederhof was not listed in the Pomeranian documents until the mid-14th century. Even the Swedish registration cards from 1696 do not know the place, although a building is shown in its place, but it was considered part (dismantling) of Brandshagen.
According to the information board on site, Borante von Putbus, the founder of Boranteshagen (Brandshagen), is said to have built a "Vestes House" in Nedderhof (Niederhof). It was mentioned in a document at the end of the 13th century.
In 1757 the Swedish Chamber Councilor Joachim Ulrich Giese bought the estate. It was also he who allowed the Jewish residents of Stralsund and other places to use the cemetery in his park. When he died in 1780, after several intermediate owners, the property passed to the von Bismark-Bohlen family in Karlsburg near Greifswald.
As early as the 18th century, Jewish citizens from Stralsund, Greifswald and other places buried their relatives in a Jewish cemetery that they had established north of the Niederhof district just off the coast of the Strelasund . After the last burial in 1850, the cemetery fell into disrepair, but has been restored since 1964 and declared a cultural monument.
The place name only appears in the Prussian Urmes Tischblatt (PUM) from 1835. There is a larger courtyard, a manor house to the north and a living space in front of it. Further north of the village, at 400 meters, was the Niederhofer Fischerkaten on the banks of the Sund. The Jewish cemetery is also shown as the “Juden Kirchhof”. To the east there is a large, regularly laid out park.
In 1871 Niederhof had 5 houses with 11 households and 74 inhabitants, in 1867 there were as many. All were members of the Protestant denomination.
In the measuring table sheet (MTB) from 1880, there is a large estate with a north-eastern park. A bath with a jetty was built on the bank, and the farm workers' hut was also located there.
Little changed until after 1920, when Charlotte von Bismark-Bohlen had a beach castle built on the banks of the Sund in 1900, where the cottage stood and is now the Niederhof guest house. For this purpose, the bathing area built in 1880 was relocated to the west below the castle ramparts. A new Katensiedlung for the farm workers was built southwest of the estate. The landlady had these three cottages and the associated stables built in the Swiss half-timbered style.
After the Second World War and the land reform in the Soviet occupation zone , the structure of the village was changed. The manor house and park will be preserved, some farm buildings have been cleared and new farm houses built for them. The so-called “White Castle” was occupied by refugees, but in 1947 it burned down to the basement and foundation walls. These can still be seen today.
The beach castle was expanded as a holiday home.
Hundreds, then thousands, of cormorants settled in the park, coming from Rügen. At that time they were still quite rare and so the park was declared a "cormorant colony" nature reserve.
Niederhof belonged to the municipality of Brandshagen . This merged on June 7, 2009 with the communities Behnkendorf , Horst , Kirchdorf , Miltzow , Reinberg and Wilmshagen to form the new community Sundhagen.
Attractions
- Nature reserve cormorant colony near Niederhof
- Memorial stone on the former Jewish cemetery in the Niederhof district of six million victims of the Shoah, as well as the entire cemetery with 26 healing stones and a further 34 fragments.
- Slavonic ramparts (600–1200) in the Niederhof estate park
→ See also the list of architectural monuments in Sundhagen
literature
- Royal Statistical Bureau, “Municipalities and manor districts and their population”, III. Province of Pomerania, census of December 1, 1871, Berlin 1874.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Royal. Statistical Bureau, “Municipalities and manor districts and their population”, III. Province of Pomerania, census of December 1, 1871, Berlin 1874.
- ↑ StBA: Area changes from January 2nd to December 31st, 2009