Jewish cemetery (Wickrath)
The Jewish cemetery is located in the Wickrath district in Mönchengladbach ( North Rhine-Westphalia ), Rossweide.
The cemetery was laid out in 1847. It was entered under no. R 086 on August 18, 1994 in the monuments list of the city of Mönchengladbach .
location
The Jewish cemetery can be reached from Rossweide and is located outside the old town center of Wickrath. The approximately 3000 square meter cemetery complex, surrounded by a brick wall, can only be reached via a narrow, approximately 100 meter long access path from the Rossweide (between houses 17 and 21).
architecture
The monuments erected around the turn of the century follow roughly uniform, traditional style features and are characterized by their simplicity, which points to the equality of all people in death. The tall rectangular stones usually end with a triangular gable , wave gable, a hip or tent roof and / or side arches. The tombstones are mainly carved from bluestone or a light brown sandstone (Ruhr sandstone). The inscription panels , e.g. T. from a different material (eg. B. marble ) in the grave stone deepened admitted wear to the middle of the 19th century. On the front Hebrew -German and German or Hebrew on the back-German inscriptions.
From the second half of the 19th century, only German or Hebrew-German inscriptions can be found on the front. From the turn of the century, as a result of the tendency towards secularization and the liberalization of the Jewish faith, the shape of the tombstones was less uniform. The traditional stone formats are still being erected, but lower, broad-based tombstones or even monumental monuments are also being erected. The monuments erected after the Second World War , on the other hand, are mostly simple, inclined plates with inscriptions.
With the change in the design of the tombstones, there is also a change in the use of materials: tombstones made of igneous rocks with polished surfaces or 'imported' sedimentary rocks (e.g. shell limestone , tuff ) are now increasingly being used, some of which are very elaborate stone masonry or even show sculptural processing. After the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries Century only appear German inscriptions on the front. Hebrew is limited to the formulas:
'Here rests': PN (po nikbar) 'His / her soul is bound into the bundle of eternal life':
TNZBH (tanzeba: Tehi Nafscho Zerurah Bizrot Ha-chajim)
From this time on, family graves were also laid out, while before that, individual graves were predominant as a symbol that all earthly ties were broken through death. After 1850, almost all gravestones give the civil law names in Latin script, the dates of birth and death in Arabic numerals and according to the Christian year count. During the second half of the 19th century a butterfly (i 1883; symbol: exit of the soul from temporal and entry into eternal existence) or a flower (i 1863; symbol: blossom and abundance of life) appeared on a tombstone on. A flower basket can also be found on a stone from 1917, while it was not until after the turn of the century that monuments were labeled with the Star of David (from 1911; symbol: belonging to the Jewish people). Grave borders are common and the grave sites are usually covered with pebbles. Plantings are the exception. A number of grave sites have been leveled, as can be seen from missing tombstones or gaps in the rows.
The cemetery is worth protecting as a monument for reasons of local history, social history and art history.
literature
- Paul Clemen: The art monuments of the cities and districts of Gladbach and Krefeld (= The art monuments of the Rhine province . Third volume, No. IV ). Schwann, Düsseldorf 1893 ( digitized [accessed on June 2, 2012]).
swell
- List of monuments of the city of Mönchengladbach. (PDF; 234.24 kB) In: moenchengladbach.de. City of Mönchengladbach, July 4, 2011, accessed on June 2, 2012 .
- Käthe Limburg, Bernd Limburg: Monuments in the city of Mönchengladbach. In: on the way & at home - homepage of Käthe and Bernd Limburg. July 18, 2011, accessed February 27, 2014 .
Web links
- Odenkirchen. In: Overview of all projects for the documentation of Jewish grave inscriptions in the area of the Federal Republic of Germany. North Rhine-Westphalia.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Monuments list of the city of Mönchengladbach ( Memento of the original from October 7, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
Coordinates: 51 ° 7 '58.1 " N , 6 ° 25' 7.7" E