Neunkirchen Jewish cemetery
The Jewish cemetery Neunkirchen is a listed ( list entry ) Jewish cemetery in the Lower Austrian district capital Neunkirchen . The cemetery was founded in 1890 and is located at Kernstockgasse 28.
Location and structures
The Jewish cemetery is located in the industrial area of Neunkirchen on the southern railway line and comprises a long, rectangular plot of land that extends from the entrance in the north in Kernstockgasse 28 to Brennereigasse in the south. In the west, the cemetery is bordered by a junction of the southern railway. The entrance is dominated by two single-storey brick houses, through the middle of which a lattice gate leads into the cemetery. The windows of the entrance buildings are designed as gatekeepers in the neo-Moorish style . The cemetery itself has a lot of open space and only about half of it has been occupied. In addition to a number of marble tombstones ( mazewot ), the cemetery mainly features granite , cement and sandstone tombstones as well as tombstones with marble slabs.
history
After the dead of the Jewish community had to be transferred to neighboring Burgenland , a separate Jewish cemetery was set up in Kernstockgasse in 1890, seven years after the construction of the Neunkirchen synagogue . The “Minjan Charity Association”, which had already had the synagogue built and was the forerunner of the Neunkirchen Jewish community , was responsible for the construction of the cemetery . The buyer of the cemetery property was not recorded in the land register, the right of ownership was already recorded for the religious community.
The religious community subsequently administered the cemetery and laid down the cemetery regulations and the funeral fees. While members of the local funeral association Chewra Kadischa could be buried free of charge, 18 guilders were charged for the funerals of adult members of the religious communities . The burial of a non-member was much more expensive, for which up to 300 guilders could be charged. The grave sites were occupied one after the other, an option only existed in consultation with the board of the Chewra Kadischa and the payment of a special fee.
142 gravestones have been preserved in the Jewish cemetery, most of which are still legible. The city pastor of Neunkirchen recorded the names and dates of 135 buried persons. In addition, there are the graves of twelve Hungarian Jews who were deported to Neunkirchen in 1944. Of the gravestones that have been preserved, 60 gravestones are provided with purely Hebrew inscriptions, 35 have not only Hebrew inscriptions but also German abbreviations and 21 are in Hebrew and German. In contrast, only 14 tombstones are in German with Hebrew characters and only twelve inscriptions are exclusively in German. The dominance of the Hebrew inscriptions shows the great importance of the religion of the Jews in Neunkirchen. In 1938, the Neunkirchen cemetery was also devastated in the course of the Reichspogromnacht . Broken tombstones still bear witness to the destruction during this period. With the burial of the Jewish Sigmund Preis, who was murdered by the National Socialists in 1938, the burials in the Jewish cemetery ended. After the destruction of the Jewish community, only a few Jews returned to Neunkirchen. After 1945 there were only three burials.
literature
- Gerhard Milchram: Holy Community Neunkirchen. A Jewish homeland story. Mandelbaum Verlag, Vienna 2000, ISBN 3-85476-031-0 .
- Dehio manual. The art monuments of Austria: Lower Austria south of the Danube. Part 2. M - Z. Neunkirchen. Jewish Cemetery. Bundesdenkmalamt (Ed.), Verlag Berger, Horn / Vienna 2003, ISBN 3-85028-365-8 , page 1558.
Web links
- Jewish cemeteries in lower Austria> Neunkirchen. In: www.grave-pictures.at. Retrieved November 27, 2019 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ grave-pictures.at ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. A visit to the Jewish cemetery in Neunkirchen, history lesson against forgetting by pastor P. Bernard Springer
Coordinates: 47 ° 43 '57.6 " N , 16 ° 5' 26.7" E