Pastoratsberg Jewish cemetery

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The Jewish cemetery on Pastoratsberg is a Jewish cemetery of the then independent city of Werden , since 1929 a district of Essen . It is located in the Heidhausen district of Essen and has been a listed building since 1986.

history

The first Jewish family was allowed to settle in Werden in 1808. It was the family of Joseph Herz (1771–1846), a butcher and cattle dealer from Kettwig vor der Brücke , who founded the Jewish community there and was temporarily head of the synagogue , which was initially on the ground floor of a normal house on Marktstrasse (now Heckstrasse) . In his honor, the Joseph-Herz-Weg in the new development area Grüne Harfe in Heidhausen was named in 2016 . Until the secularization in 1803 , when Werden came to Prussia and the Reichsabbey was dissolved, this had prevented the settlement of Jews.

The community initially belonged to the synagogue community of Essen, but was independent during the Weimar period (connection of Kupferalt in 1932). The size of the congregation was 69 in 1885 and 52 in 1933. If you first visited the synagogue in Kettwig, a prayer house is mentioned in 1843 and a new prayer room in 1891, which was demolished after 1945. The above-mentioned room on Marktstrasse is also mentioned.

The first burial in the Jewish cemetery on Pastoratsberg took place in 1831. It was that of Lazarus Solomon, who died in a penitentiary. The oldest surviving tombstone is that of Bella Simon Kahn, the wife of Isaac Baruch, who died on November 3, 1845. There is evidence that the cemetery was occupied by its gravestones until 1938, around 70 have survived. After the pogrom night on November 9, 1938, the residents of three Jewish houses on Bungertstrasse in Werden were chased away by the Gestapo and the SS and deported to extermination camps. Nobody survived. In 1966 there was a desecration of graves by young people who knocked over twenty tombstones, and in 2002 another desecration followed. The hurricane Kyrill devastated by fallen trees large cemetery parts that have been restored following.

The cemetery property once cost the community ten talers. The burial place, which is called the House of Eternal Life in the Jewish vernacular , was laid out in terraces on a slope, with a path dividing it into two fields. The burials took place spatially according to family affiliation, so that larger areas in the rear part of the cemetery are reserved for the Herz and Simon families. The cemetery is now fenced and not open to the public.

literature

  • Elfi Pracht : Jewish cultural heritage in North Rhine-Westphalia. Part II. Administrative region of Düsseldorf . Cologne 2000, p. 122 (articles on architectural and art monuments in the Rhineland, vol. 34.2)
  • Ursula Reuter: Jewish communities from the early 19th to the beginning of the 21st century . Bonn 2007, p. 91 ( Historical Atlas of the Rhineland , VIII.8), ISBN 978-3-7749-3524-2

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Extract from the list of monuments of the city of Essen (PDF file; 423 kB); accessed on August 5, 2017
  2. ↑ a b c d A place of remembrance ; in: Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung of August 5, 2017; accessed on August 5, 2017
  3. ↑ Werden In: Overview of all projects for the documentation of Jewish grave inscriptions in the area of ​​the Federal Republic of Germany. North Rhine-Westphalia. ; accessed on August 5, 2017

Coordinates: 51 ° 22 ′ 54.5 ″  N , 7 ° 0 ′ 8.4 ″  E