Jewish life in Wattenscheid
Jewish life in Wattenscheid can be traced back to the 16th century.
history
Moses Heymann received a letter of safe conduct issued by the Brandenburg Elector in 1654, which allowed him “to stay at home for six years in Warrenscheid and to support himself with battles, buying and selling. If someone desires his money, Moses may only take three Heller interest from a thaler and no more. "
A prayer room was on the upper floor of a private house on Oststrasse (today Oststrasse 10). The Jewish cemetery on Bochumer Strasse has been in use since the middle of the 17th century. It had been owned by the Jewish community since the 1860s.
The Wattenscheider synagogue was built between 1827 and 1829 . It was inaugurated in the spring of 1829. Until 1870 it was a subsidiary of the Israelite community of Hattingen.
On October 30, 1897, the Jewish community in Wattenscheid received the Jewish elementary school, which also served as the community center.
The list of representatives of the Jewish religious community from 1900 records: “22 merchants, a leather dealer, a doctor, two plumbers, two cattle dealers, three privateers , four pensioners, two day workers, three dealers, a clerk , a shoe dealer , two salesmen, three butchers, one Peddler, a Teacher, and a Miner ”.
time of the nationalsocialism
The synagogue was burned down by the National Socialists on the morning of November 10, 1938. The Wattenscheider Zeitung of November 11, 1938 reported:
- The consequences of the Jewish murder in Paris were noticeable yesterday morning in Wattenscheid in the same way as in many other places. At around 7 o'clock a high flame shot up from the roof of the synagogue, followed by great clouds of smoke. When the 1st fire brigade of the volunteer fire brigade arrived a few minutes after being alerted, everything that was flammable on and in the unadorned little building was destroyed by flames. Soon only the sooty ruined fire stood there. The fire brigade protected the surrounding houses from the fire spreading. Meanwhile, the windows of Jewish shops were falling apart. During the day they were secured by wooden sheds. How little known the synagogue in Wattenscheid, which formed a lawn at the end of a cul-de-sac on Oststrasse, was evident from the fact that most of those who heard about the fire asked: "Where is a synagogue here?"
From November 1941 onwards, all Jews still living in Wattenscheid were forcibly placed in the Jewish elementary school (in the corner of the school yard of the Richard Wagner School on Voedestrasse, demolished in 1962). On April 28 and May 11, 1942, they were deported by rail to Eastern Europe.
post war period
In the post-war period, a culture of remembrance only slowly developed.
In 1972 the city of Wattenscheid erected a memorial stone in the cemetery.
Stolpersteine have been laid in Bochum and Wattenscheid since 2005 as part of the commemoration of the Holocaust .
In 2008 there were smears of paint on the plaque of the old synagogue. In November 2010, the memorial plaque for the former Wattenscheider synagogue in the passage to the Brauhof, the glass steles for the victims of the Shoah on Nivellesplatz and the historic Jewish cemetery on Bochumer Straße were smeared with swastikas.
See also
literature
- Samuel Oppenheim: One hundred years of the Wattenscheid synagogue community. Festival ceremony to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the synagogue in Wattenscheid. Wattenscheid 1929
- Gisela Wilbertz : Jewish cemeteries in today's Bochum city area. Bochum - Wattenscheid - Stiepel. Bochum 1988
- Gisela Wilbertz: Synagogues and Jewish elementary schools in Bochum and Wattenscheid - A source and reading book. Study publisher Dr. N. Brockmeyer, Bochum 1988
- Günter Gleising: The persecution of the Jews in Bochum and Wattenscheid from 1933 to 1945 in reports, pictures and documents. Ed. Bund der Antifaschisten , Kreisvereinigung Bochum, WURF-Verlag, 1993
- Benno Reicher: Jewish history and culture in NRW - a manual. In: Kulturhandbücher NRW, Volume 4, pp. 59–65, Ed. Secretariat for Joint Cultural Work in NRW, 1993
- G. Birkmann, H. Stratmann: Think who you are standing in front of - 300 synagogues and their history in Westphalia and Lippe. Klartext Verlag , Essen 1998, p. 46/47
- Michael Brocke (Ed.): Fire on your sanctuary - Destroyed synagogues in 1938 North Rhine-Westphalia. Ludwig Steinheim Institute, Kamp Verlag, Bochum 1999, pp. 549-551
- M. Keller, H. Schneider, JV Wagner (ed.): Memorial book for the victims of the Shoa from Bochum and Wattenscheid. o. O. 2000
- From boycott to destruction. The persecution of Jewish citizens in Bochum and Wattenscheid 1933 - 1945. A work and source book. Published by Bochum City Archives (2001/2002)
- Elfi Pracht-Jörns: Jewish cultural heritage in North Rhine-Westphalia - Arnsberg district. JP Bachem Verlag, Cologne 2005, pp. 61-64
- Helfs Hof is reminiscent of Jewish life. In: WAZ, June 25, 2014 (Flatow clothing store)
Individual evidence
- ↑ From the history of the Jewish communities in the German-speaking area: Wattenscheid
- ↑ a b City of Bochum: Jewish elementary school Wattenscheid
- ↑ Günter Nierstenhöfer: A worthy memorial and memorial for the Wattenscheid victims of the Holocaust. In: Bulletin of the Bochum Citizens' Association, No. 17, September 2013 ( Memento of the original from January 10, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ http://www.derwesten.de/staedte/wattenscheid/farbschmierereien-am-standort-der-synagoge-id1144027.html
