Hunting spiders

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Hunting spiders
List spider (Pisaura mirabilis)

List spider ( Pisaura mirabilis )

Systematics
Class : Arachnids (arachnida)
Order : Spiders (Araneae)
Subordination : Real spiders (Araneomorphae)
Partial order : Entelegynae
Superfamily : Lycosoidea
Family : Hunting spiders
Scientific name
Pisauridae
Simon , 1890

The hunting spiders (Pisauridae), also called predatory spiders , comprise 335 species in 47 genera ; the most species-rich genus is the Dolomedes . The predatory spiders, which are related to the wolf spiders, are mainly found in tropical and subtropical areas. In Central Europe , only three species of the family can be found: the gerandete hunting spider ( Dolomedes fimbriatus ), the gerandete water spider ( Dolomedes plantarius ) and the cunning spider ( Pisaura mirabilis ). One described fourth type listed in the Catalog of Norman Platnick by Simon in 1937 Dolomedes clercki was in the revision of Franz Renner clearly linked to the already described 1757 by Clerck Art great raft spider synonymised , is therefore not a separate species. Nursery web spider, typical behaviors of the superfamily of lycosoidea on .

etymology

Pisauridae are mostly called hunting spiders (Schaefer 1971, Heimer and Nentwig 1991, Platen and colleagues 1995) or predatory spiders (e.g. Bellmann 1997). In English they are called nursery web spiders, nursery web weavers, big wolf spiders, fisher spiders (Gertsch 1979 and others) or Pisaurids (Bristowe 1971), in French Les Pisaurids (Simon 1898) or Pisauridae (Millot 1968, Hubert 1979), im Dutch Grote Wolfspinnen (van Katwijk 1976) or Kraamwebspinnen (Roberts 1998).

The term hunting spiders avoids the syllable "predation", which, unlike birds of prey, makes no sense. However, this term can lead to confusion as it is also used for other families, e.g. B. the giant crab spiders . On the other hand, from an ecological point of view , the Pisaurids are not hunters, but build fishing and living nets. Also the juvenile stages of the native species that are hunters as adults, i. H. for prey in the herbaceous layer or at the water's edge lurking , live in small networks. Since only a few species inhabit shores as adults and mostly catch prey there from the surface of the water and only rarely fish (i.e. catch tadpoles and fish), fishing spiders is just as unsuitable as a family name, which not least leads to confusion with the family of the same name of fishing spiders (Trechaleidae). or the designated also as a fishing spider fishing spider ( Ancylometes bogotensis ) from the family of comb spinning can result (Ctenidae). Rainar Nitzsche calls them nursery web spiders based on the English model .

Systematics

The World Spider Catalog currently lists 51 genera and 356 species for the predatory spiders. (As of April 2019)

The genus Sisenna is considered a synonym for Architis .

literature

  • Eugène Simon: Etudes arachnologiques. 22e Mémoire. XXXIV. Etude sur les arachnides de l'Yemen. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 6, 10, pp. 77-124, 1890 (first description).
  • Rainer F. Foelix: Biology of the spiders . Thieme, Stuttgart 1979.
  • Hänggi, Stöckli and Nentwig: habitats of Central European spiders . Center Suisse de cartographie de la faune, Neuchatel, 1995.
  • Dick Jones: The Cosmos Spider's Guide . Kosmos, 1990.
  • P. Lenler-Eriksen: The hunting web of the young spider Pisaura mirabilis. - J. Zool. Lond. 157: 391-398
  • Rainar Nitzsche: The spider with the bride present. Pisaura mirabilis (Clerck, 1757) (Pisauridae) and the mating behavior of related species of the family Pisauridae . Nitzsche, 1999, 2007
  • Franz Renner: Revision of the European Dolomedes species (Araneida: Pisauridae) . - Stuttgart Contributor Naturk. Ser. A (406): 1-15

Individual evidence

  1. a b Natural History Museum of the Burgergemeinde Bern: World Spider Catalog Version 17.0 - Pisauridae . Retrieved March 28, 2016.

Web links

Commons : hunting spiders (Pisauridae)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Pisauridae in the World Spider Catalog