Jan Czochralski

Jan Czochralski (born October 23, 1885 in Exin , Posen Province , † April 22, 1953 in Posen ) was a Polish chemist. He developed the Czochralski process for pulling single crystals from the melt.

Life

Czochralski was born the eighth child of a family of craftsmen. He is completing training at the teachers' college in Exin, but did not graduate. After that he worked in a drugstore in Krotoschin . From 1904 he worked in a pharmacy in Altglienicke near Berlin . In addition to earning a living, Czochralski began to study chemistry from 1905 at the Technical University of Charlottenburg (today TU Berlin ). In 1906 he worked in the Kunheim chemical factory in Niederschöneweide near Berlin.

From 1908 he worked as an employee of Wichard von Moellendorff in the metal laboratory of the Oberspree cable works of AEG . In 1910 Czochralski graduated from the TH Charlottenburg as a graduate engineer for chemistry.

The first publication on the crystallography of metals followed in 1913. The following year he succeeded W. v. Moellendorff as head of the metal laboratory.

In 1916 he accidentally discovered single crystal pulling by accidentally dipping a quill into molten pewter instead of the inkwell. The chemist expanded the process and used it to measure the rate of crystallization of various metals; the crystallization speed results from the highest pulling speed at which the crystal rod does not yet tear off. In 1917, Czochralski moved to the Metallbank und Metallurgische Gesellschaft AG in Frankfurt (Main) as head of the laboratory. In 1919 he was a co-founder of the German Society for Metallurgy. Five years later, in 1924, his textbook Modern Metallkunde was published in theory and practice . From 1925 to 1929 Czochralski held the office of President of the German Society for Metallurgy. In 1929 he was appointed professor at the Chemical Faculty of the Warsaw University of Technology .

From 1940 he worked for the German occupation forces (production of spare parts). He secretly organized aid for the needy in the Warsaw Ghetto and supported the Polish Home Army . In 1945 Czochralski was expelled from the university on suspicion of collaborating with the Germans. In 1946 he founded the BION company for cosmetics and household chemicals in Kcynia . Czochralski died in Poznan in 1953.

Works

• J. Czochralski: Modern metallurgy in theory and practice . J. Springer, Berlin 1924.

literature

• Jürgen Evers, Peter Klüfers, Rudolf Staudigl, Peter Stallhofer: Czochralski's creative mistake: a milestone on the way to the gigabit era . In: Angewandte Chemie . tape 115 , 2003, ISSN  0044-8249 , p. 5862-5877 , doi : 10.1002 / anie.200300587 .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ W. v. Moellendorff, J. Czochralski: Technological conclusions from the crystallography of metals . In: Journal of the Association of German Engineers . tape 57 , 1913, pp. 931-935, 1014-1020 .
2. ↑ J. Czochralski: A new method for measuring the crystallization rate of metals . In: Journal of physical chemistry . tape 92 , 1918, pp. 219-221 .