Pseudo-hermaphroditism

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Pseudohermaphroditism or spurious hermaphroditism is the presence of both female and male sexual characteristics in an individual with either female ( ovaries ) or male ( testes ) gonads . Pseudohermaphroditism occurs as a developmental variation (e.g. chromosomally caused) in separate-sex species ( gonochorism ). The individuals themselves are known as pseudo- hermaphrodites or false hermaphrodites .

With humans, in the case of fake hermaphroditism, one speaks of intersexuality , intersex people. In medicine, this is referred to as the differences of sex development (DSD). The original name as Disorders of sex development is no longer used. This is to avoid the negative attribution in the sense of illness / disorder, even if individual forms with illness value are present under the designation.

In humans

Classification according to ICD-10
Q56 Indeterminate gender and pseudo-hermaphroditism
ICD-10 online (WHO version 2019)

Pseudo-hermaphroditism or intersexuality occurs in 1% of all people (not confirmed, see discussion) worldwide. In contrast, true hermaphroditism (both male and female germ cells) does not occur in humans .

As a rule, the sex organ is shaped "unusually" in intersexuality, u. a. a large clitoris, it is seldom impossible to determine the sex visually. In the second half of the 20th century, this was "corrected" surgically soon after the birth, thus creating a gender-typical appearance; this practice is now considered obsolete.

Word origin

The word pseudo- hermaphrodite ("spurious bisexual being") is derived from the Greek word pseudo and hermaphroditos . In his Metamorphoses Ovid described how the son of Aphrodites and Hermes became a bisexual being through the firm embrace of the amorous nymph Salmakis , and interprets this as the etiology of the hybrid formation. See more in the corresponding chapter under Hermaphroditism .

See also

  • Dichogamy (proterandry, proterogyny, protogyny)

literature

Web links

Commons : Pseudo-Hermaphroditism  - collection of images, videos and audio files
  • List of Network Disorders of Sex Development

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Lois Jovanovic, Genell J. Subak-Sharpe: Hormones. The medical manual for women. (Original edition: Hormones. The Woman's Answerbook. Atheneum, New York 1987) From the American by Margaret Auer, Kabel, Hamburg 1989, ISBN 3-8225-0100-X , p. 384.
  2. ↑ Report on the frequency of intersexuality on the website of the Intersex Society North America (Eng.)
  3. ↑ Ulrich Kutschera: Evolutionary Biology (= UTB. Volume 8318). 3rd, updated and expanded edition, UTB / Ulmer, Stuttgart 2015, ISBN 978-3-8252-8318-6 .
  4. ↑ 100,000 euros in compensation for pain and suffering in the 'hybrid process' . Focus, August 12, 2009 . Retrieved October 23, 2014.
  5. ^ German Ethics Council: Intersexuality ( Memento of March 18, 2016 in the Internet Archive ). Statement of February 23, 2012, accessed on July 19, 2020.
  6. ↑ Guideline of the Society for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine on "Disorders of Gender Development" 027/022 from May 12, 2011 ( Memento from February 24, 2014 in the Internet Archive ), last opened on July 19, 2020