Japanese Academy of Sciences
The Japanese Academy of Sciences ( Japanese 日本 学士 院 , Nippon Gakushiin , English The Japan Academy ) is a non-governmental academy of sciences near Ueno Park in Tokyo , Japan . It was founded on January 15, 1879 with the aim of supporting academic work and promoting research. It is under the patronage of MEXT .
history
The Japanese Academy of Sciences was founded in 1879, during the Meiji period . From the time it was founded until 1906 it was named Tōkyō Gakushi Kaiin ( 東京 学士 会 院 ). The aim of the newly founded academy was to promote education and science. At the beginning the number of members was fixed at 40 people.
In 1906 the academy was renamed the Imperial Academy of Sciences ( 帝国 学士 院 , Teikoku Gakushiin , English The Imperial Academy ). As a result, the Academy's range of tasks was expanded further and approached the areas of responsibility of European and American academies. The academy prepared reports on the state of research and answered inquiries from the government. It also began to honor outstanding scientific achievements. She set up regular meetings to review and discuss the state of research.
After the end of the Second World War , under American occupation in 1947, the academy was renamed again and received its current name. In addition, the academy was subordinated to the Japanese Science Council, which limited its independence as an originally non-governmental organization until 1956. In 1956, through the enactment of the Academy Law , which includes 10 articles, it regained its independence as a non-governmental organization. Article 2 of this law increased the number of members to a maximum of 150 people. Membership is granted for life in accordance with Article 3. Since then, the academy's library has created various collections of material, particularly on Japanese mathematics. She entered into a lively exchange of information with other academies worldwide.
present
In 1974 the academy received a new seat and a new boardroom, which was built according to designs by Taniguchi Yoshirō . The total area currently available to the Academy in Ueno is 1282 m². It has an annual budget of 602.5 million yen (2010). The academy has two main departments, one for the humanities and one for the natural sciences, with a total of seven sub-departments that are assigned to individual subject areas:
- Humanities main department:
- Literature, history, philosophy
- Law and political science
- Economics and Commerce
- Scientific main department:
- pure sciences
- Engineering
- Agriculture
- Medicine, pharmacy and dentistry
The Academy is currently chaired by Kubo Masaaki, and Sugimura Takashi is deputy. The Academy currently has 134 out of 150 possible members, an additional 27 honorary members and 11 employees. The Academy holds monthly meetings, with the exception of July and August, and it has 11 specialist panels on specific topics.
Known members
Well-known members of the academy include a .:
Collections
The Academy's library collects materials and works from its members. It currently has 34,342 independent individual documents and 2,472 serial titles. The main collections include:
- the collection of documents on genuinely Japanese achievements in mathematics ( Wasan ), whose holdings are documented in the Catalog of Native Japanese Mathematics .
- the Kawamoto Kōmin collection - a collection of documents by the scholar of the same name, who in the Edo period, as part of the Rangaku, translated many books on the scientific achievements of Europe and wrote books on chemistry and physics.
- The Diaries Collection - 139 handwritten notes and 46 documents on correspondence between Japan and other countries, which were created and updated over a period of 230 years (from 1631 to 1860).
President of the Academy
President of the Tōkyō Gakushi Kaiin
Surname | Kanji | Term of office | University affiliation | Area of Expertise |
---|---|---|---|---|
Fukuzawa Yukichi | 福澤諭吉 | January 1879 - June 1879 | Keio Gijuku ( 慶 應 義 塾 ) | |
Nishi Amane | 西周 | June 1879 - December 1880 | Yōrōkan ( 養老 館 ) | Law, philosophy |
Katō Hiroyuki | 加藤 弘 之 | December 1880 - June 1882 | Tokyo University | Political science |
Nishi Amane | 西周 | June 1882 - June 1886 | Yōrōkan ( 養老 館 ) | Law, philosophy |
Katō Hiroyuki | 加藤 弘 之 | June 1886 - December 1895 | Tokyo University | Political science |
Hosokawa Junjirō | 細 川 潤 次郎 | December 1895 - December 1897 | Tosa-han | law |
Katō Hiroyuki | 加藤 弘 之 | December 1897 - June 1906 | Tokyo University | Political science |
President of the Imperial Academy of Sciences
Surname | Kanji | Term of office | University affiliation | Area of Expertise |
---|---|---|---|---|
Katō Hiroyuki | 加藤 弘 之 | July 1906 - June 1909 | Tokyo University | Political science |
Kikuchi Dairoku | 菊池 大 麓 | July 1906 - August 1917 |
Bansho Shirabesho (University of Tokyo) |
mathematics |
Hozumi Nobushige | 穂 積 陳 重 | October 1917 - October 1925 | Tokyo University | law |
Okano Keijirō | 岡野 敬 次郎 | November 1925 - December 1925 | Tokyo University | Commercial law |
Sakurai Jōji | 桜 井 錠 二 | February 1926 - January 1939 | Tokyo University | chemistry |
Nagaoka Hantaro | 長 岡 半 太郎 | March 1939 - June 1948 | Tokyo University | physics |
President of the Japanese Academy of Sciences
Surname | Kanji | Term of office | University affiliation | Area of Expertise |
---|---|---|---|---|
Yamada Saburō | 山 田三良 | June 1948 - November 1961 | Tokyo University | International private law |
Shibata Yūji | 柴 田 雄 次 | January 1962 - November 1970 | Tokyo University | Inorganic chemistry |
Nambara Shigeru | 南 原 繁 | November 1970 - May 1974 | Tokyo University | Political science |
Wadachi Kiyoo | 和 達 清 夫 | October 1974 - October 1980 | Tokyo University | geophysics |
Arisawa Hiromi | 有 沢 広 巳 | October 1980 - October 1986 | Tokyo University | Economics |
Kurokawa Toshio | 黒 川利 雄 | December 1986 - February 1988 | Tōhoku University | medicine |
Wakimura Yoshitarō | 脇 村 義 太郎 | June 1988 - March 1994 | Tokyo University | Economics |
Fujita Yoshio | 藤 田良雄 | April 1994 - April 2000 | Tokyo University | astronomy |
Ichiko Teiji | 市 古 貞 次 | April 2000 - October 2001 | Tokyo University | literature |
Nagakura Saburō | 長 倉 三郎 | October 2001 - October 2007 | Tokyo University | Physical chemistry |
Kubo Masaaki | 久保 正 彰 | October 2007 - October 2013 | Tokyo University | European literature |
Sugimura Takashi | 杉 村 隆 | October 2013 - October 2016 | Tokyo University | Biochemistry, oncology |
Shiono Hiroshi | 塩 野 宏 | October 2016 - today | Tokyo University | Administrative law |
Academy Awards
The academy also awards four different prizes:
- since 1911 the Onshi-shō ( 恩賜 賞 , "Imperial Prize")
- also since 1911 the prize of the Japanese Academy of Sciences ( 日本 学士 院 賞 , Gakushiin-shō )
- since 1987 the Duke of Edinburgh Prize ( エ ジ ン バ ラ 公 賞 , Ejinbara kōshō ) and
- since 2004 the advancement award for science of the Japanese Academy of Sciences ( 日本 学士 院 学術 奨 励 賞 )
Well-known award winners
- Jimbō Michio
- Nishijima Kazuhiko
- Hideki Yukawa
- Noyori Ryōji
- Inoue Akihisa
- Ōno Hideo
- Sakaki Hiroyuki
- Shibasaki Masakatsu
- Nakayama Tadashi
See also
Web links
- Official website (Japanese, English)
Individual evidence
- ^ About the Academy
- ^ Academy website
- ^ English version of the Academy Law
- ↑ [1]
- ↑ [2]
- ↑ [3]
- ↑ Committees
- ↑ Collections
- ↑ see also website including portrait photos of the presidents.