Jean-Pierre Rousselot
Jean-Pierre Rousselot (born October 14, 1846 in Saint-Claud , † December 16, 1924 in Paris ) was a French clergyman and researcher. He is considered to be one of the founding fathers of phonetics , the scientific discipline that studies the sounds of human speech.
Life
Jean Rousselot entered the seminary in Richemont after school and was ordained a priest in 1870. As pastor of Jevrek, he dealt with philology and learned Spanish, English and German. In 1873 he began teaching Latin, Greek and literature at the Minor Seminary in Richemont for six years. In 1879 he started researching the spoken language, initially for his doctorate. Last but not least, this was inspired by the various French dialects that his parents spoke.
Rousselot gave up his job and traveled through France to continue studying. Among other things, he heard lectures from Henri Becquerel on electricity and telegraphy and from Rudolph Koenig on acoustics.
In 1886 he built his first instrument for the "electrical entry of the word". Here, too, he was primarily interested in the variants of pronunciation in different dialects. In 1889 he came to the newly founded Institut Catholique de Paris , where he set up the world's first phonetics laboratory.
It was not until 1891 that he received his doctorate, in French literature, with a thesis on the phonetic changes of a language under the influence of dialects. His study of dialects earned him several teaching positions in Germany. Among other things, he was invited to Greifswald , Berlin (to the neophilologists), Marburg and Königsberg .
In 1895 he became head of the Société Linguistique de Paris . With his help, the laboratory for phonetic experiments was set up at the Collège de France . During this time he also dealt with the subject of hearing loss. In 1911, together with his student Hubert Pernot, he started the Revue de phonétique , a magazine that lasted until 1914.
During the First World War , he dealt with the location of enemy cannon pieces and German submarines. He was made a Knight of the Legion of Honor for this.
After the war, Rousselot became a lecturer at the Institute for Experimental Phonetics at the Collège de France. He died in 1924 in his apartment on Rue des Fossés, Saint Jacques and is buried on Père-Lachaise .
Publications (small excerpt)
- The modifications phonétiques du langage étudiées dans le patois d'une famille de Cellefrouin (Charente) . Welter, Paris, 1891, p. 372
- Principes de phonétique expérimentale , Volumes I and II. Welter, Paris / Leipzig 1897–1901 and 1901–1908. Volume I and Volume II
- Précis de prononciation française par l'abbé Rousselot et Fauste Laclotte . Welter, Paris / Leipzig 1902, p. 255 [1]
- Phonétique expérimentale et surdité . La Parole, 1903
- La Phonétique expérimentale, Leçon d'ouverture du Cours professé au Collège de France . Bovin, Paris, 1922. Paris, p. 24
Individual evidence
- ↑ Die Revue de phonétique Volume I, 1911 , Volume II, 1912 , Volume III, 1913 , Volume IV, 1914 , Volume V, 1928 (after Rousselot's death) , Volume VI, 1929
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Rousselot, Jean-Pierre |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | French clergyman and researcher |
| DATE OF BIRTH | October 14, 1846 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Saint-Claud |
| DATE OF DEATH | December 16, 1924 |
| Place of death | Paris |