Yevgeny Konstantinovich Sawoiski

Yevgeny Konstantinovich Sawoiski

Yevgeny Zavoisky ( Russian Евгений Константинович Завойский ., Scientific transliteration Evgenij Konstantinović Zavojskij ; born September 15 ^{. Jul} / 28. September  1907 ^greg. In Mogilev-Podolsky ; † 9. October 1976 in Moscow , English transcription: Zavoisky ) was a Russian Physicist who is considered to be one of the discoverers of ESR spectroscopy.

Sawoiski's father was a military doctor. After the father's death in 1919, the family moved to the countryside to survive the famine and did not return to Kazan until 1925. Sawoiski was a passionate radio hobbyist. He studied from 1926 at the University of Kazan , where he received his doctorate in 1933. For the dissertation he worked temporarily at the central radio laboratory. Even then, he wanted to use radio waves to research matter. After receiving his doctorate, he headed a laboratory at Kazan University. He dealt with super-regenerative receivers and the generation of high-frequency radio waves and examined the influence of radio waves on the germination of grain in an attempt to contribute scientifically to the fight against hunger in the Soviet Union.

Sawoiski was impressed in 1938 by Isidor Isaac Rabi's experiments on resonance absorption of molecular beams in magnetic fields and also by the discovery of paramagnetic relaxation by Cornelis Jacobus Gorter in the Netherlands. Around 1940/41 he also applied the method of resonance absorption to liquids and solids, as did Edward Mills Purcell and Felix Bloch in 1946 , who received the Nobel Prize for their discovery of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Sawoiski had the necessary electronics and sufficiently sensitive detectors and also observed a resonance signal, but the results were difficult to reproduce and were unstable, probably because the magnetic field was not spatially homogeneous enough. In addition, the work was interrupted by the Second World War. He then turned to research on electron spin resonance (ESR, EPR). He replaced calorimetric detection with detection using the grid current of electron tubes, so that in 1944 he was able to detect the resonance signal in various salts such as copper chloride and copper sulfate and chromium and manganese salts. He also superimposed a small alternating magnetic field on the static magnetic field. The result was sensational and was only accepted by leading Soviet scientists such as Pyotr Kapiza when he repeated the experiments in Moscow. In 1945 he completed his habilitation with the results (Russian doctoral degree). Semjon Altschuler and Boris Kozyrew were among his employees at the time .

From 1947 he worked on the Soviet atomic bomb project at the invitation of Igor Kurchatov , first in Moscow and then in Arsamas-16 . In 1952 he developed a luminescence camera for fast core processes. From 1958 he dealt with nuclear fusion and plasma physics and discovered magnetoacoustic resonance in plasma in the same year. In 1972 he fell seriously ill and gave up his scientific work.

In 1949 he received the Stalin Prize and in 1957 the Lenin Prize . In 1969 he became a hero of socialist labor. In 1977 he was posthumously awarded the International EPR Society Prize. In 1953 he became a corresponding and in 1964 a full member of the Soviet Academy of Sciences. In 1984 the Physics Institute at Kazan University was named after him. In the meantime, the Sawoiski Prize has been awarded there in honor of him.

literature

• Yuri Khramov: Fiziki: biografitscheski sprawotschnik . Nauka, Moscow 1983, p. 114. (Russian)
• Alexander Berg: Behavior of copper (II) ions in ionic liquids . GRIN Publishing, 2014, ISBN 3-656-59226-8 ( google.de ).

Web links

• Yevgeny Sawoiski in the encyclopedia "Krugosvet" (Russian)
• Yevgeny Savoisky - biography. Retrieved June 4, 2018 (Russian). 

Individual evidence

1. ↑ website of Kazan EK Zavoisky Physical -Technical Institute (KPhTI) . Retrieved January 18, 2015.