Cornelis Jacobus Gorter

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Cornelis Jacobus Gorter , called Cor Gorter, (born August 14, 1907 in Utrecht , † March 30, 1980 in Leiden ) was a Dutch pioneer in low-temperature physics.

Gorter went to school in The Hague and studied at the University of Leiden , where he received his doctorate in 1932 under Wander Johannes de Haas ( paramagnetic properties of salts ). From 1931 to 1936 he worked at the Teyler Foundation in Haarlem and from 1936 to 1940 at the University of Groningen , before he succeeded Pieter Zeeman as professor at the University of Amsterdam in 1940 . In 1946 he returned to Leiden to succeed Willem Keesom in the chair that the famous low-temperature physicist Heike Kamerlingh Onnes once held. There he modernized the instrumentation of the Kamerling Onnes laboratory.

He discovered 1936 the paramagnetic relaxation (what in 1946 a book was published by him in suffering it during the German occupation, when he had to hide, wrote) and discovered also almost the nuclear magnetic resonance . He was not only a good experimenter ( Hendrik Casimir described him as the most outstanding Dutch experimental physicist of his generation), but also a good theorist who, after discovering the Meissner-Ochsenfeld effect , developed a two-fluid model of superconductivity with Casimir. Later, with Casimir, he also developed a two- fluid model of superfluid He II.

He was the editor of Progress in Low Temperature Physics . Since 1946 he was a member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences (KNAW). In 1952 he was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences , 1967 to the National Academy of Sciences , and 1970 to the American Philosophical Society . and in 1974 at the Académie des Sciences in Paris. In 1966 he received the Fritz London Memorial Prize for his contributions to low temperature physics.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. Memories of Casimir to Gorter, from his memoirs Haphazard Reality , Harper and Row 1983
  2. KNAW Past Members: CJ Gorter. Royal Dutch Academy of Sciences, accessed August 26, 2018 (with link to biography).
  3. Member History: Cornelis J. Gorter. American Philosophical Society, accessed August 25, 2018 .