Jigme Dorje Wangchuck
Jigme Dorji Wangchuck ( Wylie : 'Jigs-med rDo-rje dBang-phyug ; * May 2, 1929 in Thimphu ; † July 15 or July 21, 1972 in Thimphu) was the 3rd Druk Gyalpo of Bhutan from 1952 until his death . His predecessor was his father Jigme Wangchuck . Jigme Dorji Wangchuck is considered the king of the modernization of his country.
First steps to a constitutional monarchy
The Druk Gyalpo Jigme Wangchuck left his son a largely feudal state in which the Druk Gyalpo ruled absolutist as the chief judge and legislator. The Empire of India became a democracy in 1947 and thus ceased to be the most important regional ally. The feudal theocracy adjacent to the north, Tibet , was reintegrated into Chinese rule after the end of the communist revolution , with the result that Bhutan's last ideological ally in the region disappeared. Shortly afterwards, when India intervened in the conflict between the king and prime minister in the Kingdom of Nepal in order to forestall an intervention by China, the young Druk Gyalpo Jigme Dorji Wangchuck Bhutan saw himself navigating the conflict of interests between the communist-ruled China and the democracy of India.
Jigme Dorji Wangchuck succeeded in modernizing his country. He laid the foundation stone for Bhutan's transition from an absolute monarchy to a constitutional one , which would only come to an end in 2008 under his grandson Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck . During his reign a first parliament, the Tshogdu , was created and gradually given powers, with the Thrimzhung Chenmo passing a new constitution. Furthermore, he introduced a permanent royal council and council of ministers as executive, which later had to be confirmed by the Tshogdu.
He initiated measures to dismantle feudal relations and restricted the privileges of the lamas by abolishing serfdom , preparing a land reform to limit large land ownership to 120 hectares, introducing state five-year plans to promote economic reforms and introducing a free school system road construction has started in the country. With the granting of citizenship to the Nepalese population and their participation in his royal council , he was able to solve the long-standing conflicts with the immigrants of the neighboring country. On February 12, 1971, Bhutan was recognized under international law when it was admitted to the UN .
family
1929 was born as the son of Druk Gyalpo Jigme Wangchuck into the absolutist ruling Wangchuck dynasty . Jigme Dorji Wangchuck married Ashi Kesang Choden and has one son, his successor to the throne, King Jigme Singye Wangchuck .
He also built the royal Dechencholing Palace in 1953 , which was the family seat of the Wangchuck dynasty until 2006.
literature
- Karma Phuntsho: The history of Bhutan . House, London 2013, ISBN 978-1-908323-58-3 , pp. 566 f .
- Awadhesh Coomar Sinha: Bhutan . ethnic identity and national dilemma. In: Sociological publications in honor of K. Ishwaran . No. 10 . Reliance Publishing House, New Delhi 1991, ISBN 81-85047-82-0 , pp. 197-204 .
- Herbert Wilhelmy : Bhutan . Land of monastic castles. In: Beck's series . 830: Current country customers. Beck, Munich 1990, ISBN 3-406-33176-9 , pp. 125-128 .
See also
Web links
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Wangchuck, Jigme Dorje |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Jigs-med rDo-rje dBang-phyug |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Bhutanese nobleman, King of Bhutan |
| DATE OF BIRTH | May 2, 1929 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Thimphu |
| DATE OF DEATH | July 15, 1972 or July 21, 1972 |
| Place of death | Thimphu |