Johann Bauschinger

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Johann Bauschinger, 1834–1893
Grave of Johann Bauschinger in the old northern cemetery in Munich.

Johann Bauschinger (born June 11, 1834 in Nuremberg ; † November 25, 1893 ) was a mathematician and construction technician and from 1868 until his death professor of technical mechanics at the Munich Polytechnic . The “Mechanical-Technical Laboratory” started work in 1870 under his leadership. This made it the first materials testing institute at a university. It was the origin of the "State Materials Testing Office for Mechanical Engineering" of the Technical University of Munich, which still exists today.

Life

Bauschinger studied at the polytechnic school from 1850, at the University of Munich from 1853, became a trade school teacher in Fürth in 1857, professor at the Realgymnasium in Munich in 1866, and there in 1868 professor at the Technical University (Polytechnikum) (today TU Munich ). From 1892 he was a member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences , from 1888 he was a member of the Leopoldina . His son Julius Bauschinger was an astronomer.

Act

Bauschinger developed test methods for building materials, among other things he constructed a mirror device to determine the change in length under tensile and compressive loads. His work is important for both materials science and building materials science . In order to standardize the test methods for building and construction materials, he convened a meeting of experts in Munich in 1884, chaired a similar conference in Dresden in 1886 and an international conference in Berlin in 1890. From 1884 he was chairman of the commission formed at the Munich conference to agree uniform test methods. In 1896 it became the German Association for Material Testing (DVM) .

Named after Bauschinger Bauschinger effect describes the change in yield strength of steel at varying load direction. The Bauschinger index describes the ratio of kinematic to isotropic hardening.

Fonts

(Selection)

  • The School of Mechanics , Munich 1861, 2nd edition Munich 1867
  • Communications from the mechanical-technical laboratory , Vol. 1–21, 22 and 23 posthumously (1873–1895); in this:
    • About the modulus of elasticity and the permanent compression and expansion of several building materials , in: Mitth. 5th year 1878
    • About the change in the elastic limit and the strength of iron and steel through stretching and squeezing, through heating and cooling and through often repeated stresses , in: Mitth. 13th year 1886 (about the Bauschinger effect )
  • Memorandum on the establishment of testing institutes and test stations for building materials and the introduction of a state-recognized classification of the latter , publisher: Association of German Architects and Engineers' Associations, 1878
  • Indicator tests on locomotives (1865–1868) , in: Civilingenieur , 13./14. Born in 1886
  • Elements of graphic statics , 2nd edition, Munich 1890

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Meyer's Large Conversational Lexicon
personal data
SURNAME Bauschinger, Johann
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German engineer, professor for technical mechanics in Munich
DATE OF BIRTH June 11, 1834
PLACE OF BIRTH Nuremberg
DATE OF DEATH November 25, 1893