Johann Heinrich Wittmaack

Johann Heinrich Wittmaack , also Jean Wittmaack (born July 24, 1822 in Kiel , † in February 1887 in Strasbourg ) was a German painter, scientific illustrator and lithographer.

Life

The son of an innkeeper went to the art academy in Copenhagen in 1838 at the age of 16 , where he was a student of Johann Ludwig Lund. In 1843, the Copenhagen Art Association bought his painting "A Peasant Girl from the Probstei". In May 1845 he had received a small silver medal and a scholarship from the Academy, which enabled him to travel to Saint Petersburg , where he taught at a private art school. Since he was not ready to learn the Russian language, he had to give up this activity after two years. His savings enabled him to travel across Europe. He stayed for a long time in London and Paris, then in Munich, Dresden and Düsseldorf. From 1851 he worked as a drawing teacher in Christiania ( Oslo ).

Triangular scarf designed by Wittmaack

In 1853 he moved to his home town of Kiel, where he offered his services as a portrait painter. After he married in 1856, he felt compelled to set up a drawing school. Here the surgeon Friedrich von Esmarch discovered his talent and employed him as a medical draftsman at the university. In 1862 he applied to Christian Albrechts University for support to set up a lithographic color printing plant. Samples of this activity could be seen at the world exhibitions in Paris in 1867 and in Vienna in 1873, including the legendary triangular scarf invented by Esmarch , which was imprinted with images of Wittmaack that showed 34 different possible uses.

Wittmaack's anatomical drawing from the Strasbourg period

In 1874 Wittmaack was appointed to Strasbourg as a university drawing teacher, where he is still listed as an active employee in 1878. He died at the beginning of 1887.

Drawings in publications

Friedrich von Esmarch: About the struggle of humanity against the horrors of war. A lecture ... with 5 woodcuts based on drawings by J. Wittmaack . Schwers'sche Buchhandlung, Kiel 1869, p. 28-39 ( books.google.de ).
Friedrich von Esmarch: The Surgeon's Handbook on the Treatment of Wounded in War: Prize Essay . Sampson Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington, 1878 (English, books.google.li original edition - Internet Archive - German: Handbuch der Kriegschirurgischen Technik an award-winning publication . Hanover 1877. Translated by HH Clutton): “The original drawings […] are for Mostly by the painters Hernn Joh. Wittmaack [now in Strasbourg] and H. Braune in Kiel ”

literature

Wittmaack, Johann Heinrich . In: Hans Vollmer (Hrsg.): General lexicon of fine artists from antiquity to the present . Founded by Ulrich Thieme and Felix Becker . tape 36 : Wilhelmy-Zyzywi . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1947, p. 140 .
Ulrich Schulte-Wülwer: Kiel artists - art life and artist trips 1770–1870. Heide 2014, ISBN 978-3-8042-1406-4 , pp. 236–242.
Telse Wolf-Timm: The portraits of the sick by Johann Heinrich Wittmaack and Julius Fürst. In: Jörg Henning Wolf, Hans-Helfrich Petersen (Ed.): Diseases of the face in artistic illustrations of the 19th century. Neumünster 1994.

Web links

Commons : Johann Heinrich Wittmaack - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b German local news - Alsace-Lorraine . In: Indiana Grandstand . tape 10 , no. 147 . Indianapolis, Marion County February 15, 1887, p. 2 ( newspapers.library.in.gov ): "† University draftsman Johann Wittmaack in Strasbourg"
↑ Georg Asmussen (Ed.): Finding aid of the holdings Section 47.1: Board of Trustees of the Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel (= publications of the Schleswig-Holstein State Archives . Volume 91 ). University Press, Hamburg 2007, ISBN 978-3-937816-44-9 , University buildings, establishments, institutes, collections and societies, p. 19 ( uni-hamburg.de [PDF]).
^ Official register of the staff and students of the Kaiser-Wilhelms-Universität Strasbourg: 1878/79 (1878), WH . 1878, p. 8 ( books.google.de - in the winter half of 1878/79 it is still listed here). The date of death in 1874 in the Stuttgart database of scientific illustrators is incorrect.

personal data
SURNAME	Wittmaack, Johann Heinrich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES	Wittmaack, Jean
BRIEF DESCRIPTION	German painter and lithographer
DATE OF BIRTH	July 24, 1822
PLACE OF BIRTH	Kiel
DATE OF DEATH	February 1887
Place of death	Strasbourg

[IndianaTribune-1] German local news - Alsace-Lorraine . In: Indiana Grandstand . tape 10 , no. 147 . Indianapolis, Marion County February 15, 1887, p. 2 ( newspapers.library.in.gov ): "† University draftsman Johann Wittmaack in Strasbourg"

[2] Georg Asmussen (Ed.): Finding aid of the holdings Section 47.1: Board of Trustees of the Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel (= publications of the Schleswig-Holstein State Archives . Volume 91 ). University Press, Hamburg 2007, ISBN 978-3-937816-44-9 , University buildings, establishments, institutes, collections and societies, p. 19 ( uni-hamburg.de [PDF]).

[3] Official register of the staff and students of the Kaiser-Wilhelms-Universität Strasbourg: 1878/79 (1878), WH . 1878, p. 8 ( books.google.de - in the winter half of 1878/79 it is still listed here). The date of death in 1874 in the Stuttgart database of scientific illustrators is incorrect.