Johanna Christiana Gok
Johanna Christiana Gok , born Heyn and widowed Hölderlin , the first names also occasionally Johann e or Christian e (* July 8, 1748 in Frauenzimmern ; † February 17, 1828 in Nürtingen ) was the mother and guardian of Friedrich Hölderlin .
Life
Johanna Christiana Heyn was the daughter of Johann Andreas Heyn (1712–1772), the priest of Cleebronn originally from Saxe-Gotha , and his wife Johanna Rosina Sutor (1725–1802), who came from a local pastor's family. Her origins were considered to be part of the Swabian Pietist nobility, which arose from the ancestral mother Regina Bardili , among others .
Johanna Christiana lived for a long time in the same household with her mother, who later played a major role in the upbringing of her grandchildren.
In 1766 she married the monastery steward Heinrich Friedrich Hölderlin (1736–1772). The couple lived in Lauffen and had three children together:
- Friedrich Hölderlin (1770–1843)
- Daughter (* / † 1771)
- Maria Eleonora Heinrica ( Rike ) Hölderlin (August 15, 1772–1850), widowed Breunling, three children
After the death of her wealthy husband from a stroke, she moved to Nürtingen with her four-year-old son and his sister in 1774, where she married Johann Christoph Gok ( also: Gock ; 1748–1779), a wine merchant and councilor and later mayor of the city. With him she had a son:
- Karl Gok (1776–1849)
Gok took good care of his stepchildren, but died on March 13, 1779 from the consequences of his hard work in a flood, so that the 31-year-old Johanna Christiana Hölderlin-Gok was widowed for the second time. She was now also responsible for the administrative burden of the large property and the family fund, which Holderlin was never allowed to dispose of.
She felt a great need to see the eldest son as administrator of his inheritance in a pastoral office, which is why Holderlin attended the local Latin school and then secondary schools and universities, while Karl was not allowed to do so because he was the son of the poorer father.
After completing his studies, she repeatedly reported in her letters to Hölderlin that she had identified employment opportunities as a teacher and pastor, which the young poet always refused, however, because he was unable to cope with the associated obligations. Despite this quarrel, which was never openly, her house always remained the first place of refuge for him during the years of his studies and beyond.
After Hölderlin's forced treatment in 1806, during his further years in the care of the Tübingen carpenter Ernst Zimmer, the correspondence with her son did not break off. She continued to care for the eldest son and kept his guardianship until her death on February 17, 1828.
literature
- Peter Härtling (editor / foreword): Johanna Christiana Gock, widowed Hölderlin, née Heyn , 1980, ISBN 3-922625-00-2
- Antonius Lux (ed.): Great women of world history. A thousand biographies in words and pictures . Sebastian Lux Verlag , Munich 1963, p. 233
- Ursula Brauer: Gok, Johanna Christiana In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 26, Bautz, Nordhausen 2006, ISBN 3-88309-354-8 , Sp. 494-513.
- Otfried Kies: Hölderlin and his family in Lauffen am Neckar , Lauffen am Neckar 2001
- letter
- Letter to Friedrich Hölderlin of October 29, 1805, in: Friedrich Hölderlin: Complete Works and Letters , ed. by Michael Knaupp , 3 vol., Hanser, Munich, Vienna 1992–1993, volume 2, p. 931; It also contains numerous letters from Hölderlin to his mother, from 1785 to 1828.
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Gok, Johanna Christiana |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Heyn, Johanne Christiane; Holderlin, Johanna Christiana |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Mother and guardian of Friedrich Hölderlin |
| DATE OF BIRTH | July 8, 1748 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Women |
| DATE OF DEATH | February 17, 1828 |
| Place of death | Nürtingen |