Giovanni da Legnano

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Fragments of Giovanni da Legnano's sarcophagus in the Museo civico medievale of Bologna, created by Pierpaolo dalle Masegne and his brother Jaobello.

Giovanni da Legnano , actually Giovanni Oldrendi (* around 1320 in Milan ; †  February 16, 1383 in Bologna ), sometimes also called Johannes de Legnano , was an Italian lawyer , military theorist and canon lawyer at the University of Bologna . He was a close confidante of several popes and wrote the work "Tractatus de Bello, de Represaliis et de Duello", in which he dealt with questions of war , military tactics and the legal norms applicable in the event of war , a work of legal and military history .

Life

Giovanni da Legnano

Giovanni da Legnano was born in Milan around 1320 . He studied philosophy , liberal arts , medicine and astrology , and then in Bologna the rights . In 1350 he was first recorded as a Doctor legum . A year later he was appointed Doctor iuris utriusque ("Doctor of both rights", so both civil and canonical law ) at the University of Bologna , a few years later he was promoted to the chair of canon law. In addition, he was close friends with Popes Urban V and Gregory XI. as well as one of the most prominent supporters of Pope Urban VI. during the Western Schism . Because of these relationships, he was sent from Bologna to Rome several times from 1358 as the city's negotiator . 1368 awarded him Charles IV. , The Palatine dignity . Gregory XI. appointed him for the first time in 1377 as papal vicar of Bologna.

One of the best-known publications by Giovanni da Legnano was the work “Tractatus de Bello, de Represaliis et de Duello” (“Treatise on war, reprisals and the duel”), published around 1360, which was an early work in the history of the development of modern humanitarianism Is considered international law . The work dedicated to Cardinal Aegidius Albornoz is considered to be the first comprehensive attempt in the West to grapple with the nature of war and its various aspects. Giovanni da Legnano dealt with topics such as requirements for wars, warfare , military tactics , mercenaries and prisoner of war law . Other works by him include "Somnium sive tractatus de principatu" (1372) on civil and canon law, "De Iuribus ecclesiæ in civitatem Bononiæ" (1376) on the law in Bologna, and the text, which emerged gradually between 1378 and 1380, " De fletu ecclesiæ “in defense of the election of Urban VI. to the Pope.

Giovanni da Legnano died in Bologna in 1383 and was in high regard at the time of his death. In his will he left a foundation for poor students from his native Milan to study at the University of Bologna and bequeathed his house to the university in the event that his male line of succession should expire. His student Cosimo dei Migliorati was elected Pope around 20 years after Legnano's death under the name of Innocent VII .

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personal data
SURNAME Giovanni da Legnano
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Johannes de Legnano; John of Lignano; Giovanni Oldrendi (real name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Italian lawyer
DATE OF BIRTH around 1320
PLACE OF BIRTH Milan
DATE OF DEATH February 16, 1383
Place of death Bologna