Yomfruland
| Yomfruland | ||
|---|---|---|
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| Waters | Skagerrak | |
| Geographical location | 58 ° 51 '30 " N , 9 ° 35' 10" E | |
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| length | 7.5 km | |
| width | 1 km | |
| surface | 3.04 km² | |
Jomfruland is a small Norwegian island off the coast of Kragerø in the Telemark region . Jomfruland is about 7.5 km long and an average of one kilometer wide. The island acts as a breakwater for several small islands in the Kragerø archipelago in the sea area of the Skagerrak . The name "Island of the Virgin" was first mentioned in 1520.
During the Second World War, groups of the Norwegian resistance operated in the sea area off Kragerø u. a. from Jomfruland to spy out the ship positions of the German occupation forces. Since December 16, 2016, the island has been part of the Jomfruland National Park , which consists of 98% water.
Landmarks
In the middle of the island are the old and the new lighthouse on the south side. The new lighthouse is in operation and can be seen from all sides of the island. The old lighthouse was lit for the first time in 1839 and was the first optical navigation mark for ships heading for Kragerø. The tower is 22 meters high and made of white bricks. In 1874 it was also equipped with a fog horn , at that time the first machine-operated fog horn in Norway. The new cast iron lighthouse was built a hundred years later, in 1939, and measures 37 meters.
The old lighthouse is now one of the most important cultural monuments in Telemark and houses a small museum that is open in the summer months. It is partially open to the public and offers a good view of Jomfruland, the surrounding sea and the archipelago.
There was also a long-wave and long-wave transmitter for maritime navigation that was visible from afar. The transmitter broadcast navigation signals on the frequency 71.5833 kHz with a power of 30.8 dbW. Since operations had ceased and the tower was no longer structurally safe, it was demolished in 2006.
Flora, fauna and geology
The island is part of a moraine that extends from the Baltic Sea through all of Sweden and further along the Norwegian south coast. Jomfruland is part of the Gea Norvegica Geopark . The stone beach on the southern side facing the sea is geologically characteristic. On the side facing the mainland there is a coastline with sandy beaches of varying width.
Jomfruland is also known for its lush bird life with over 300 documented species. The Jomfruland Fuglestasjon is a traditional facility on the island and was built in 1969 by members of the Telemark section of the Norsk Ornitologisk Forening . The station is located in Øitangen on the northern tip of the island.
fauna
The spring and autumn bird migration follows the coastline ; many songbirds , birds of prey and sea birds pass the northernmost point of the island.
The structurally rich vegetation of the island offers many Norwegian breeding birds good nesting opportunities. In a census in March 2006, 92 species were registered as breeding birds on Jomfruland, from which the Norsk Ornitologisk Forening assumes 40–50 species that breed annually. On Jomfruland the only regular breeding record is the Sperbergrasmücke against Norway. Species such as the sprout (Luscinia luscinia), the carmine finch (Carpodacus erythrinus) and the red- backed shrike (Lanius collurio) are regular breeding birds. In contrast, broods of the green warbler (Phylloscopus trochiloides) (1992 - the only recorded brood in Norway) and the stock dove (Columba oenas) have been registered on Jomfruland, but are not registered annually. Shoveler (Anas clypeata) and a pair of barnacle goose (Branta leucopsis) breed sporadically near the island. Numerous sea birds have been sighted in the lake area around Jomfruland. B. the black guillemot (Cepphus grylle) registered.
flora
Much of the island is covered with open oak forest, with open, probably cleared grass and pasture areas again and again. The ornithologists of the NOF work together with locals and the state nature watchdog to push back the increasing encroachment of non-grazed areas.
The blossom of the wood anemone (Anemone nemorosa) in the light oak forests attracts many tourists every spring. In 1995 the island was therefore selected as the location for the Norwegian film Kristin Lavransdatter (producer Sigrid Undset).
Web links
- ↑ Jomfruland nasjonalpark he opprettet. (pdf) Miljødirektoratet (Ministry of the Environment), accessed on July 29, 2019 (Norwegian).
- ↑ Jomfruland. (No longer available online.) Reisemål Kragerø, archived from the original on July 14, 2014 ; Retrieved July 1, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- Yomfruland. In: store norske leksikon. Accessed on 1 July 2014 (Norwegian).
- Artslister for Jomfruland go Stråholmen (species list for Jomfruland and Stråholmen). Jomfruland Fuglstasjon, accessed July 1, 2014 (Norwegian).